Objective To explore the clinical effect of percutaneous kyphoplasty in treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compressive fracture. Methods From April 2010 to November 2012, 80 patients with osteoporotic vertebral compressive fracture were randomly divided into 2 groups, experimental group (n=40) and control group (n=40). Patients in experimental group were treated with percutaneous kyphoplasty, while patients in control group were treated with percutaneous vertebro-plasty. Results All the patients were followed up for 6 months. The VAS score, Cobb's angle, and ODI score after operation were significantly lower than those before operation in both two groups (P<0.05). The VAS score in experimental group was significantly lower than that in control group 6 months after operation (P<0.05). Furthermore, the Cobb's angle and ODI score in experimental group were significantly lower than those in control group 3 days and 6 months after operation ( P<0.05). In addition, the leakage rate of bone cement in experimental group was significantly lower than that in control group after operation (P<0.05). Conclusion Percutaneous kyphoplasty in treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compressive fracture is effective and reliable. It can be the preferred method in treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compressive fracture.