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Abstract Thermal protection systems are significantly important in modern aerospace engineering. When the new
generation of vehicles evolves towards higher Mach flight speeds, there is an increasing demand for thermal protection
systems that could combine high-temperature resistance, lightweight construction, and integrated thermal protection
and insulation. This paper has reviewed the research progress on lightweight resin-based thermal protection materials
domestically and internationally and analyzed their development trends in enhanced oxidation resistance, nanoporous
structures, and gradient designs. Besides, this study has introduced the thermal protection and insulation mechanisms
as well as the mechanical failure mechanisms of nanoporous resin-based materials, thus providing valuable insights for
effective design and fabrication.
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2024, Vol. 7 
