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| Numerical Simulation Research on the Characteristics and Influence Factors of High-Velocity Fragment Penetrating Panel |
| CHEN Anran， JIA Dao， HE Wei |
| Shanghai Electro-Mechanical Engineering Institute， Shanghai 201109， China |
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Abstract An Adaptive algorithm of FEM-SPH was used in this study to numerically simulate the high-velocity fragment penetrating the panel with different materials, and experimental results calibrated the numerical results. The calculation error was within 15%, and the calibrated model could be used to predict phenomena or reproduce experimental results. The penetration characteristics of tungsten fragments into the Q235 steel panel were examined. The influence of the fragment's mass, aspect ratio, impact velocity, and the panel's thickness on penetration ability was analyzed. The research indicated that appropriate combinations of fragment mass and size could be selected within the threshold range of fragment kinetic energy during the design of warheads, thereby increasing the number of damage elements and the probability of perforation. The research could provide a basis for the design of relevant warhead models.
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Received: 09 July 2024
Published: 13 January 2026
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2025, Vol. 8 
