Textured Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells Achieving Over 30% Efficiency Promoted by 4-Fluorobenzylamine Hydroiodide

doi:10.1007/s40820-024-01406-4

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Abstract

Monolithic textured perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells (TSCs) are expected to achieve maximum light capture at the lowest cost, potentially exhibiting the best power conversion efficiency. However, it is challenging to fabricate high-quality perovskite films and preferred crystal orientation on commercially textured silicon substrates with micrometer-size pyramids. Here, we introduced a bulky organic molecule (4-fluorobenzylamine hydroiodide (F-PMAI)) as a perovskite additive. It is found that F-PMAI can retard the crystallization process of perovskite film through hydrogen bond interaction between F⁻ and FA⁺ and reduce (111) facet surface energy due to enhanced adsorption energy of F-PMAI on the (111) facet. Besides, the bulky molecular is extruded to the bottom and top of perovskite film after crystal growth, which can passivate interface defects through strong interaction between F-PMA⁺ and undercoordinated Pb²⁺/I⁻. As a result, the additive facilitates the formation of large perovskite grains and (111) preferred orientation with a reduced trap-state density, thereby promoting charge carrier transportation, and enhancing device performance and stability. The perovskite/silicon TSCs achieved a champion efficiency of 30.05% based on a silicon thin film tunneling junction. In addition, the devices exhibit excellent long-term thermal and light stability without encapsulation. This work provides an effective strategy for achieving efficient and stable TSCs.

Key words： Perovskite crystallization (111) preferred orientation Defect passivation Perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells

Received: 22 January 2024 Published: 02 May 2024

Corresponding Authors: Biao Shi, Xiaodan Zhang

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	Jingjing Liu
	Biao Shi
	Qiaojing Xu
	Yucheng Li
	Yuxiang Li
	Pengfei Liu
	Zetong SunLi
	Xuejiao Wang
	Cong Sun
	Wei Han
	Diannan Li
	Sanlong Wang
	Dekun Zhang
	Guangwu Li
	Xiaona Du
	Ying Zhao
	Xiaodan Zhang

Cite this article:

Jingjing Liu,Biao Shi,Qiaojing Xu, et al. Textured Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells Achieving Over 30% Efficiency Promoted by 4-Fluorobenzylamine Hydroiodide[J]. Nano-Micro Letters, 2024, 16(1): 189-.

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https://www.qk.sjtu.edu.cn/nml/EN/10.1007/s40820-024-01406-4 OR https://www.qk.sjtu.edu.cn/nml/EN/Y2024/V16/I1/189

Fig. 1 Surface chemistry and crystal quality of perovskite films. a XPS spectra of Pb 4f of perovskite films without and with F-PMAI additive. b Local magnification of FTIR spectra of F-PMAI, FAI and FAI/F-PMAI mixture. c Top-view SEM images of final perovskite films without and with F-PMAI. d XRD patterns of final perovskite films without and with F-PMAI. e ToF-SIMS depth profiles show the distribution of respective elements over depth in the samples successively prepared by ITO/Spiro-TTB/perovskite with F-PMAI/C60/ALD SnO2, each layer corresponds to the feature element In (ITO), Br (perovskite), F (F-PMAI), C (Spiro-TTB, C60), Sn (SnO2), respectively

Fig. 2 Crystallization and orientational preference studies of perovskite film with F-PMAI. 2D GIWAXS patterns of the perovskite films a without and b with F-PMAI. c Calculated models of F-PMAI adsorbed on (100) and (111) facets of perovskite and the corresponding adsorption energies. Green: Pb, purple: I, black: C, blue: N, white: H, red: F, cyan: Cs. d Schematic illustration of the perovskite crystal growth process without and with F-PMAI additive

Fig. 3 The effect of F-PMAI on defect and carrier dynamic. PL mapping of the perovskite films a without and b with F-PMAI with a structure of ITO/perovskite. c SCLC curves of devices without and with F-PMAI. C-AFM images of perovskite films d without and e with F-PMAI. f Energy-level scheme of perovskite films without and with F-PMAI based on the parameters derived from UPS spectra

Fig. 4 The influence of F-PMAI on PSCs performance. a J-V curves of the champion devices without and with F-PMAI. Rev.: reverse scan; For.: forward scan. b EQE curves of devices without and with F-PMAI. c Stabilized power output of PSCs without and with F-PMAI. d Mott-Schottky plots, e TPV decay curves of PSCs without and with F-PMAI. f Vertical J-V curves of ITO/perovskite without and with F-PMAI/Ag. g Dark J-V curves, h Nyquist curves, i dependence of VOC on light intensity of PSCs without and with F-PMAI

Table 1

PV parameters of PSCs without and with F-PMAI

Fig. 5 The effect of F-PMAI on TSCs performance and stability. a Schematic structure of monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells. b Top-view SEM of monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells without and with F-PMAI. c J-V curves of the champion devices without and with F-PMAI. d Stabilized power output and e EQE curves of TSCs with F-PMAI. f Thermal stability of TSCs without and with F-PMAI under 85 °C N2 glove box. T90 represents the lifetime at which the PCE declines to 90% of its initial value. g Light stability of TSCs without and with F-PMAI under ambient conditions (30%-40% relative humidity (RH), ~ 25 °C). The data are normalized to their initial efficiency

Table 2

Champion PV parameters of TSCs without and with F-PMAI

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