Achieving Ultra-Broad Microwave Absorption Bandwidth Around Millimeter-Wave Atmospheric Window Through an Intentional Manipulation on Multi-Magnetic Resonance Behavior

doi:10.1007/s40820-024-01395-4

Abstract
Figure/Table
References
Related Citation (2)

Download: PDF (6278 KB) HTML (0 KB)
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

Abstract

The utilization of electromagnetic waves is rapidly advancing into the millimeter-wave frequency range, posing increasingly severe challenges in terms of electromagnetic pollution prevention and radar stealth. However, existing millimeter-wave absorbers are still inadequate in addressing these issues due to their monotonous magnetic resonance pattern. In this work, rare-earth La³⁺ and non-magnetic Zr⁴⁺ ions are simultaneously incorporated into M-type barium ferrite (BaM) to intentionally manipulate the multi-magnetic resonance behavior. By leveraging the contrary impact of La³⁺ and Zr⁴⁺ ions on magnetocrystalline anisotropy field, the restrictive relationship between intensity and frequency of the multi-magnetic resonance is successfully eliminated. The magnetic resonance peak-differentiating and imitating results confirm that significant multi-magnetic resonance phenomenon emerges around 35 GHz due to the reinforced exchange coupling effect between Fe³⁺ and Fe²⁺ ions. Additionally, Mössbauer spectra analysis, first-principle calculations, and least square fitting collectively identify that additional La³⁺ doping leads to a profound rearrangement of Zr⁴⁺ occupation and thus makes the portion of polarization/conduction loss increase gradually. As a consequence, the La³⁺-Zr⁴⁺ co-doped BaM achieves an ultra-broad bandwidth of 12.5 + GHz covering from 27.5 to 40 + GHz, which holds remarkable potential for millimeter-wave absorbers around the atmospheric window of 35 GHz.

Key words： Microwave absorption Ultra-broad bandwidth M-type barium ferrite Magnetocrystalline anisotropy field Multi-magnetic resonance

Received: 08 February 2024 Published: 22 April 2024

Corresponding Authors: Yujing Zhang, Bo Ouyang, Guangbin Ji

	Service

	E-mail this article
	Add to my bookshelf
	Add to citation manager
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	Articles by authors
	Chuyang Liu
	Lu Xu
	Xueyu Xiang
	Yujing Zhang
	Li Zhou
	Bo Ouyang
	Fan Wu
	Dong-Hyun Kim
	Guangbin Ji

Cite this article:

Chuyang Liu,Lu Xu,Xueyu Xiang, et al. Achieving Ultra-Broad Microwave Absorption Bandwidth Around Millimeter-Wave Atmospheric Window Through an Intentional Manipulation on Multi-Magnetic Resonance Behavior[J]. Nano-Micro Letters, 2024, 16(1): 176-.

URL:

https://www.qk.sjtu.edu.cn/nml/EN/10.1007/s40820-024-01395-4 OR https://www.qk.sjtu.edu.cn/nml/EN/Y2024/V16/I1/176

Fig. 1 a Preparation flow chart, b SEM images, c rietveld refinement of XRD and d XPS spectra for Fe 2p and O 1s of the LaxBa1-xZr0.3Fe11.7O19 samples with x = 0, 0.1, 0.2

Table 1

Lattice constants a, c and cell volumes of La_xBa_1-_xZr_0.3Fe_11.7O₁₉ (x = 0-0.2)

Table 2

Fe²⁺ and oxygen vacancy contents of La_xBa_1-_xZr_0.3Fe_11.7O₁₉(x = 0-0.2)

Fig. 2 a Lattice structure diagram of BaM, b Raman patterns, c Mössbauer spectra, d parameters of occupation area, I.S., Q.S., Hhf deduced from Mössbauer spectra of the LaxBa1-xZr0.3Fe11.7O19 samples with x = 0, 0.1, 0.2 and e theoretical calculations of enthalpy for the La3+ and Zr4+ co-doped barium ferrite with Zr4+ substituting for Fe3+ at various sites based on first principles

Fig. 3 a Hysteresis loops, b fitting of the hysteresis loops by law of approach to saturation, c obtained Ms, Ha, Hc values of the LaxBa1-xZr0.3Fe11.7O19 samples with x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, d schematic diagram of spin orbit coupling effect, e real and imaginary parts of complex permeability, f Cole-Cole circles, g magnetic resonance peak-differentiating and imitating of the LaxBa1-xZr0.3Fe11.7O19 samples with x = 0, 0.1, 0.2 and (h) schematic diagram of the exchange coupling between Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions

Fig. 4 a The real and imaginary parts of complex permittivity, b Cole-Cole circles, c conduction loss/polarization loss portion obtained by least square fitting of the LaxBa1-xZr0.3Fe11.7O19 samples with x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, d schematic diagram of diminished conduction loss mechanism and e schematic diagram of various dipoles in the La3+ and Zr4+ co-doped barium ferrite

Fig. 5 a 3D reflection loss values versus frequency and thickness, b 2D reflection loss and impedance matching values of the LaxBa1-xZr0.3Fe11.7O19 samples with x = 0, 0.1, 0.2 and c schematic diagram illustrating the effects of La3+ and Zr4+ ions on natural resonance frequency

Fig. 6 a Model diagram and b results diagram of near-field simulation, c model diagram and d results diagram of far-field simulation and e RSC values in the range of 0° ~ 360° for the LaxBa1-xZr0.3Fe11.7O19 samples with x = 0, 0.1, 0.2

1.	Z. Zhao, Y. Qing, L. Kong, H. Xu, X. Fan et al., Advancements in microwave absorption motivated by interdisciplinary research. Adv. Mater. 36, 2304182 (2024).
2.	G. Giribaldi, L. Colombo, P. Simeoni, M. Rinaldi, Compact and wideband nanoacoustic pass-band filters for future 5G and 6G cellular radios. Nat. Commun. 15, 304 (2024).
3.	J. Cheng, H. Zhang, M. Ning, H. Raza, D. Zhang et al., Emerging materials and designs for low- and multi-band electromagnetic wave absorbers: The search for dielectric and magnetic synergy? Adv. Funct. Mater. 32, 2200123 (2022).
4.	C. Xue, W. Wu, Y. Yang, J. Zhou, L. Ding et al., Carbon nanotube diodes operating at frequencies of over 50 GHz. Small 19, 2207628 (2023).
5.	C. Liu, Y. Zhang, Y. Tang, Z. Wang, H. Tang et al., Excellent absorption properties of BaFe_12-_xNb_xO₁₉ controlled by multi-resonance permeability, enhanced permittivity, and the order of matching thickness. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 19, 21893-21903 (2017).
6.	M. Yuan, B. Zhao, C. Yang, K. Pei, L. Wang et al., Remarkable magnetic exchange coupling via constructing Bi-magnetic interface for broadband lower-frequency microwave absorption. Adv. Funct. Mater. 32, 2203161 (2022).
7.	F. He, W. Zhao, L. Cao, Z. Liu, L. Sun et al., The ordered mesoporous Barium ferrite compounded with nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide for microwave absorption materials. Small 19, e2205644 (2023).
8.	C. Liu, Y. Zhang, Y. Tang, Z. Wang, N. Ma et al., The tunable magnetic and microwave absorption properties of the Nb⁵⁺-Ni²⁺ Co-doped M-type Barium ferrite. J. Mater. Chem. C 5, 3461-3472 (2017).
9.	J. Li, Y. Hong, S. He, W. Li, H. Bai et al., A neutron diffraction investigation of high valent doped Barium ferrite with wideband tunable microwave absorption. J. Adv. Ceram. 11, 263-272 (2022).
10.	C. Liu, Y. Hao, S. Zheng, G. Fang, J. Li et al., Abating dopant competition between dual high-valence ions in single-phased Barium ferrite towards ultra-broad microwave absorption. J. Mater. Chem. C 11, 15500-15511 (2023).
11.	B.Y. Wang, T.C. Wang, Y.T. Hsu, M. Osada, K. Lee et al., Effects of rare-earth magnetism on the superconducting upper critical field in infinite-layer nickelates. Sci. Adv. 9, eadf6655 (2023).
12.	C. Liu, Q. Xu, Y. Tang, Z. Wang, R. Ma et al., Zr⁴⁺ doping-controlled permittivity and permeability of BaFe_12-_xZr_xO₁₉ and the extraordinary EM absorption power in the millimeter wavelength frequency range. J. Mater. Chem. C 4, 9532-9543 (2016).
13.	H. Shang, J. Wang, Q. Liu, Synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline BaFe₁₂O₁₉ obtained by using glucose as a fuel. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 456, 130-132 (2007).
14.	S.P. Keerthana, R. Yuvakkumar, G. Ravi, A.G. Al-Sehemi, D. Velauthapillai, Synthesis of pure and lanthanum-doped Barium ferrite nanoparticles for efficient removal of toxic pollutants. J. Hazard. Mater. 424, 127604 (2022).
15.	X. Wang, B. Wang, S. Wei, Y. Wang, Y. Liang et al., Tunable magnetic and microwave absorption properties of Barium ferrite particles by site-selective Co²⁺-Zr⁴⁺ Co-doping. J. Alloys Compd. 960, 170777 (2023).
16.	A.M. Youssef, S.M. Yakout, S.M. Mousa, High relative permittivity and excellent dye photo-elimination: pure and (Zr⁴⁺, Y³⁺, Sb⁵⁺) multi-doped anatase TiO₂ structure. Opt. Mater. 135, 113261 (2023).
17.	J. He, Y. Liu, Y. Huang, H. Li, Y. Zou et al., Fe²⁺-induced in situ intercalation and cation exsolution of Co₈₀Fe₂₀(OH)(OCH₃) with rich vacancies for boosting oxygen evolution reaction. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31, 2009245 (2021).
18.	C. Liu, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, G. Fang, X. Zhao et al., Multiple nature resonance behavior of BaFe_xTiO19 controlled by Fe/Ba ratio and its regulation on microwave absorption properties. J. Alloys Compd. 773, 730-738 (2019).
19.	B. Xiao, C. Liu, D. Pan, R. Hu, T. Sun et al., A solid solution-based millimeter-wave absorber exhibiting highly efficient absorbing capability and ultrabroad bandwidth simultaneously via a multi-elemental co-doping strategy. J. Mater. Chem. C 10, 1381-1393 (2022).
20.	R. Jasrotia, V. Pratap Singh, R. Kumar, K. Singha, M. Chandel et al., Analysis of Cd²⁺ and In³⁺ ions doping on microstructure, optical, magnetic and m o¨ ssbauer spectral properties of sol-gel synthesized BaM hexagonal ferrite based nanomaterials. Results Phys. 12, 1933-1941 (2019).
21.	Z. Durmus, H. Sozeri, M.S. Toprak, A. Baykal, The effect of condensation on the morphology and magnetic properties of modified Barium hexaferrite (BaFe₁₂O₁₉). Nano-Micro Lett. 3, 108-114 (2011).
22.	C. Liu, Z. Chen, X. Xiang, G. Fang, Z. Wang et al., Determining the actual composition of Nb⁵⁺-Ni²⁺ codoped Barium ferrites to controllably regulate the microwave absorbing properties. J. Phys. Chem. C 126, 21800-21809 (2022).
23.	W. Yuan, L. Cheng, T. Xia, Y. Chen, Q. Long et al., Effect of Fe doping on the lattice structure, microscopic morphology and microwave absorption properties of LaCo_1-xFe_xO₃. J. Alloys Compd. 926, 166839 (2022).
24.	W.-Y. Zhao, P. Wei, H.-B. Cheng, X.-F. Tang, Q.-J. Zhang, FTIR spectra, lattice shrinkage, and magnetic properties of CoTi-substituted M-type Barium hexaferrite nanoparticles. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 90, 2095-2103 (2007).
25.	Z. Zhang, J. Li, J. Qian, Z. Li, L. Jia et al., Significant change of metal cations in geometric sites by magnetic-field annealing FeCo₂O₄ for enhanced oxygen catalytic activity. Smal 18, e2104248 (2022).
26.	S. Lu, Y. Liu, Q. Yin, J. Chen, J. Wu et al., Investigation of crystal structure, Raman spectroscopy and magnetic properties of La-Zn substituted oriented M-type hexagonal Barium ferrites. Mater. Res. Bull. 172, 112640 (2024).
27.	Y. Shao, F. Huang, X. Xu, S. Yan, C. Yang et al., Multi-susceptible single-phase BaAl_xFe_12-_xO₁₉ ceramics with both improved magnetic and ferroelectric properties. Appl. Phys. Lett. 114, 242902 (2019).
28.	M.I. Ariëns, L.G.A. van de Water, A.I. Dugulan, E. Brück, E.J.M. Hensen, Copper promotion of chromium-doped iron oxide water-gas shift catalysts under industrially relevant conditions. J. Catal. 405, 391-403 (2022).
29.	Z.H. Hua, S.Z. Li, Z.D. Han, D.H. Wang, M. Lu et al., The effect of La-Zn substitution on the microstructure and magnetic properties of Barium ferrites. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 448, 326-329 (2007).
30.	C. Wang, Y. Liu, Z. Jia, W. Zhao, G. Wu, Multicomponent nanoparticles synergistic one-dimensional nanofibers as heterostructure absorbers for tunable and efficient microwave absorption. Nano-Micro Lett. 15, 13 (2022).
31.	P. Wu, X. Kong, Y. Feng, W. Ding, Z. Sheng et al., Phase engineering on amorphous/crystalline γ-Fe₂O₃ nanosheets for boosting dielectric loss and high-performance microwave absorption. Adv. Funct. Mater. 34, 2311983 (2024).
32.	Q. Jin, Q. Zhang, H. Bai, A. Huon, T. Charlton et al., Emergent magnetic states and tunable exchange bias at 3d nitride heterointerfaces. Adv. Mater. 35, e2208221 (2023).
33.	S. Kumar, M. Kumar Manglam, S. Supriya, H. Kumar Satyapal, R. Kumar Singh et al., Lattice strain mediated dielectric and magnetic properties in La doped Barium hexaferrite. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 473, 312-319 (2019).
34.	H. Koizumi, J.-I. Inoue, H. Yanagihara, Magnetic anisotropy and orbital angular momentum in the orbital ferrimagnet CoMnO₃. Phys. Rev. B 100, 224425 (2019).
35.	M. He, J. Hu, H. Yan, X. Zhong, Y. Zhang et al., Shape anisotropic chain-like coni/polydimethylsiloxane composite films with excellent low-frequency microwave absorption and high thermal conductivity. Adv. Fucnt. Mater. 10, 2316691 (2024).
36.	E.A. Gorbachev, L.A. Trusov, A.E. Sleptsova, E.S. Kozlyakova, L.N. Alyabyeva et al., Hexaferrite materials displaying ultra-high coercivity and sub-terahertz ferromagnetic resonance frequencies. Mater. Today 32, 13-18 (2020).
37.	Y. Ren, H. Yan, X. Li, S. Lv, H. Zhu et al., Enhanced saturation magnetization and microwave absorption magnetic properties of Mn-Co-Zr substituted BaM ferrite. J. Alloys Compd. 693, 1257-1260 (2017).
38.	F. Wang, Y. Liu, R. Feng, X. Wang, X. Han et al., A “win-win” strategy to modify Co/C foam with carbon microspheres for enhanced dielectric loss and microwave absorption characteristics. Small 19, 2303597 (2023).
39.	A. Pacewicz, J. Krupka, J.H. Mikkelsen, A. Lynnyk, B. Salski, Accurate measurements of the ferromagnetic resonance linewidth of single crystal BaM hexaferrite spheres employing magnetic plasmon resonance theory. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 580, 170902 (2023).
40.	X. Guan, S. Tan, L. Wang, Y. Zhao, G. Ji, Electronic modulation strategy for mass-producible ultrastrong multifunctional biomass-based fiber aerogel devices: interfacial bridging. ACS Nano 17, 20525-20536 (2023).
41.	M. Salari, S.M. Taromsari, S. Habibpour, H.H. Shi, M. Hamidinejad et al., The intersection of computational design and wearable-optimized electrospun structural nanohybrids for electromagnetic absorption. Adv. Funct. Mater. 34, 2309528 (2024).
42.	H. Luo, B. Ma, F. Chen, S. Zhang, Y. Xiong et al., Bimetallic oxalate rod-derived NiFe/Fe₃O₄@C composites with tunable magneto-dielectric properties for high-performance microwave absorption. J. Phys. Chem. C 125, 24540-24549 (2021).
43.	F. Chen, H. Luo, Y. Cheng, R. Guo, W. Yang et al., Nickel/Nickel phosphide composite embedded in N-doped carbon with tunable electromagnetic properties toward high-efficiency microwave absorption. Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 140, 106141 (2021).
44.	Y. Zhao, Z. Lin, L. Huang, Z. Meng, H. Yu et al., Simultaneous optimization of conduction and polarization losses in CNT@NiCo compounds for superior electromagnetic wave absorption. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 166, 34-46 (2023).
45.	F. Long, Y. Xu, X. Li, L. Ren, J. Shi et al., Comparative study of recursive least squares with variable forgetting factor applied in AC loss measurement. Phys. Scr. 99, 015523 (2024).
46.	Y. Zou, J. Lin, W. Zhou, M. Yu, J. Deng et al., Coexistence of high magnetic and dielectric properties in Ni-Zr Co-doped Barium hexaferrites. J. Alloys Compd. 907, 164516 (2022).
47.	M. Zhou, S. Tan, J. Wang, Y. Wu, L. Liang et al., “three-in-one” multi-scale structural design of carbon fiber-based composites for personal electromagnetic protection and thermal management. Nano-Micro Lett. 15, 176 (2023).
48.	J. Hong, A. Bhardwaj, Y. Namgung, H. Bae, S.-J. Song, Evaluation of the effects of nanocatalyst infiltration on the SOFC performance and electrode reaction kinetics using the transmission line model. J. Mater. Chem. A 8, 23473-23487 (2020).
49.	X. Chen, S. Guo, S. Tan, J. Ma, T. Xu et al., An environmentally friendly chitosan-derived VO₂/carbon aerogel for radar infrared compatible stealth. Carbon 213, 118313 (2023).
50.	X. Sun, Y. Li, Y. Huang, Y. Cheng, S. Wang et al., Achieving super broadband electromagnetic absorption by optimizing impedance match of rGO sponge metamaterials. Adv. Funct. Mater. 32, 2107508 (2022).
51.	F. Chen, S. Zhang, B. Ma, Y. Xiong, H. Luo et al., Bimetallic CoFe-MOF@Ti₃C₂T_x MXene derived composites for broadband microwave absorption. Chem. Eng. J. 431, 134007 (2022).
52.	H. Luo, B. Ma, F. Chen, S. Zhang, X. Wang et al., Construction of hollow core-shelled nitrogen-doped carbon-coated yttrium aluminum garnet composites toward efficient microwave absorption. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 622, 181-191 (2022).
53.	B. Ma, F. Chen, Y. Cheng, X. Wang, S. Yan et al., Ti₃C₂T_x MXene@NiFe layered double hydroxide derived multiple interfacial composites with efficient microwave absorption. J. Alloys Compd. 936, 168162 (2023).
54.	G. Fang, T. He, X. Hu, X. Yang, S. Zheng et al., Bionic octopus structure Inspired Stress-Driven reconfigurable microwave absorption and multifunctional compatibility in infrared stealth and De-icing. Chem. Eng. J. 467, 143266 (2023).
55.	G. Fang, C. Liu, X. Wei, Q. Cai, C. Chen et al., Determining the preferable polarization loss for magnetoelectric microwave absorbers by strategy of controllably regulating defects. Chem. Eng. J. 463, 142440 (2023).
56.	X. Zhong, M. He, C. Zhang, Y. Guo, J. Hu et al., Heterostructured BN@Co-C@C endowing polyester composites excellent thermal conductivity and microwave absorption at C band. Adv. Funct. Mater. (2024).
57.	J. Xiao, B. Zhan, M. He, X. Qi, X. Gong et al., Interfacial polarization loss improvement induced by the hollow engineering of necklace-like PAN/carbon nanofibers for boosted microwave absorption. Adv. Funct. Mater. (2024).

Links