With the increasing scarcity of land resources, development and utilization of marine resources has become the focus of attention. In order to speed up the deep-sea exploration and development, China plans to build its first ocean scientific drilling ship. For ocean scientific drilling, we carry out the technical analysis of deep-sea drilling operation modes, summarize the domestic and foreign deep-sea drilling operation modes, analyze the advantages and disadvantages, compare the key equipment configurations and technological processes, and make comprehensive technical analysis from the aspects of economy, safety and process complexity. Based on the development trend of deep-sea drilling operation mode at home and abroad, the development proposals for deep-sea drilling operation mode in China and the future development direction of drilling operation mode are given, which will provide some theoretical support for our ocean scientific drilling.