句干式学术话语行为研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8921.2020.02.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

句干是小句级别的连续词汇-语法序列,它包含主谓结构,是句子的核心。本文基于CARE语料库,以Hyland(2008)功能框架中的语篇导向和参与者导向为基础,描述特征性句干经常实施的31类学术话语行为,并以其中4类典型的次级特征性句干为例,进行句干型式与功能的关联分析。研究发现,特征性句干的型式总是与一定的意义或功能紧密联系。大多数句干的使用具有学术英语因循性特征,但并非死板教条,亦允许一定范围的型式与功能变体。特征性句干是特定短语型式与学术话语行为的绑定,在局部环境中有其特征性的词汇-语法共选型式。

关键词: 特征性句干, 短语型式, 话语行为, 共选

中图分类号:

李晶洁, 李晨阳. 句干式学术话语行为研究[J]. 当代外语研究, 2020, 20(2): 84-95.

LI Jingjie, LI Chenyang. Academic Discourse Acts of Sentences Stems[J]. Contemporary Foreign Languages Studies, 2020, 20(2): 84-95.

图/表 7

表1

表2

学术话语行为与句干型式

话语行为	短语型式	类符数	形符数	词汇多样性
语篇导向话语行为:		1617	18420	14.23
1.陈述观点/数据/事实	(1) (DET) DATA V/V-Link (that) (2) It/This (Modal) V/V-link (that/to-inf/prep) (3) There V-link N (that/to-inf/prep)	388	4815	10.31
2.阐述方法/步骤/技术	(1) (DET) N V-Link V-ed (2) We (MODAL) V (3) This (MODAL) V-Link V-ed	388	3376	10.54
3.呈述发现/结果	(1) (Det) N (V-Link) V (that) (2) It (V-Link) found (that) (3) We (MODAL) V/V-ed (that)	161	2184	8.06
4.篇章指示	(1) As (MODAL) V-ed (AC) (2) (DET) N (MODAL) V-Link V-ed (prep)	107	2122	7.49
5.援引	(1) It (MODAL) V-Link V-ed/Adj (prep/that) (2) As V-ed prep (3) N (MODAL) V-ed/V that	104	1352	7.69
6.描述研究目的	(1) OBJECTIVE (of this STUDY) V-Link prep (2) We (MODAL) V (prep) (3) It (MODAL) V-Link V-ed/V (that)	64	623	6.8
7.宣布研究特征	(1) N (V-Link) V-ed/V (prep) (2) We (MODAL) V/V-ed (prep)	86	617	7.87
8.软化态度,谨慎表述观点	(1) We (Modal) V (that) (2) It (MODAL) V-Link V-ed (that)	31	469	6.09
9.阐明观点	(1) We (MODAL) V-ed/V (that)	36	425	6.72
10.揭示学科不足,阐述研究必要性	(1) N MODAL/V-link V/V-ed/Adj (prep/that) (2) There (MODAL) V-link (DET) N	45	379	7.28
11.总结	(1) We/N MODAL (V-Link) V-ed/V (that)	39	344	7
12.聚焦	(1) We/N (MODAL) V-ed/V prep (2) N V-Link prep/that/how/whether/why	32	322	6.48
话语行为	短语型式	类符数	形符数	词汇多样性
13.比较	(1) As V-ed prep (2) N MODAL/V-Link V-ed/V/Adj (prep) (3) This V-Link Adj prep	16	317	6.02
14.阐明原因	(1) This (MODAL) V-Link V-ed/Adj (prep) (2) N V-Link that	26	232	6.23
15.举例	(1) As (MODAL) V-Link/V-ed N/Adj (prep) (2) This V-Link N (prep)	14	159	5.31
16.展示研究贡献与意义	(1) N/We (MODAL) V/V-ed (prep/that)	20	140	6.25
17.共享知识理论	(1) (As) We (MODAL) V/V-ed	10	137	4.86
18.描述人类普遍行为	(1) ONE MODAL V (that)	9	100	4.5
19.提出质疑	(1) It V-Link Adj that/whether/if/how (2) This V-link/V N	10	92	5.5
20.语篇结构标识	(1) (DET) PAPER V-Link V-ed (prep N)/(prep)	5	68	4.03
21.解释数据	(1) DATA (MODAL) V-Link Adj/V-ed	6	46	4.17
22.分类	(1) There V-Link DET Adj (N)	7	30	4.17
23.推理	(1) We (MODAL) V (that)	5	30	4
24.界定	(1) We (MODAL) V (2) N/This V-Link V-ed (prep)	4	22	4.21
25.数据来源	(1) N V-Link V-ed prep (2) We V-ed N prep	4	19	4.04
参与者导向话语行为:		205	3375	9.44
1.确定性/可能性标识	(1) It (MODAL) V-Link Adj (that/to) (2) There V-link N (that)	84	1532	7.24
2.评判/态度标识	(1) It/This (MODAL) V-Link Adj (that/to)	50	584	6.86
3.重要性/必要性标识	(1) It be ADV Adj (that/to)	29	575	5.87
4.提醒标识	(1) It (MODAL) V-Link V-ed/Adj (to/that)	21	439	5.78
话语行为	短语型式	类符数	形符数	词汇多样性
5.意图/能力标识	(1) We V/V-ed (prep) (2) We V-Link Adj prep	12	130	5.60
6.引导读者	(1) We (MODAL) V (prep)	9	115	5.04

表2

表3

表4

表5

表6

表7

参考文献 19

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参数项	统计数据	参数项	统计数据
社会科学领域	15	类符/形符比(TTR)	1.67
自然科学领域	10	标准化类符/形符比	35.75
文本数	766	平均词长	5.07
形符数	4478339	句子总数	205041
类符数	71188	平均句长	20.74

序号	句干	频数	New-MI值
1.	data were collected	53	7.7043
2.	tests were conducted	48	10.2807
3.	we begin by	32	6.5633
4.	we will use	34	8.2380
5.	we denote by	25	6.3276
6.	the solvent was removed under	21	3.9139
7.	as measured by	80	7.0635
8.	tests were performed	28	9.3506
9.	spectra were recorded	29	10.7313
10.	experiments were performed	26	8.9488

序号	句干	频数	New-MI值
1.	we note that	116	6.1411
2.	we show that	54	5.3441
3.	it was found that	72	6.8271
4.	this results in	36	5.4676
5.	we found that	93	5.6677
6.	these results suggest that	49	6.6903
7.	our results demonstrate that	35	7.0967
8.	results indicate that	88	6.7129
9.	these findings suggest that	33	6.8198
10.	this finding is consistent with	29	7.3611

序号	句干	频数	New-MI值
1.	it is possible (that / to)	386	6.2167
2.	it is apparent that	37	6.7730
3.	it would appear	49	6.6479
4.	it is clear that	199	6.6091
5.	it is likely that	99	6.5279
6.	it seems that	98	4.3952
7.	it is evident that	37	6.4840
8.	there is no doubt (that)	29	8.5579
9.	there is a possibility (that)	12	6.9191
10.	there is no reason to	21	8.7814

1.	of U.S education,	it is likely that	further ESL instruction will have dim
2.	this context,	it is likely that	housing conditions can have a strong
3.	the years ahead,	it is likely that	mechanics research will also play a central
4.	requirements,	it is likely that	professionals would most probably choose to
5.	are @t possible.	it is likely that	in the future the technique may complement

句干式学术话语行为研究

Academic Discourse Acts of Sentences Stems

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序号	句干	频数	New-MI值
1.	it is especially important	12	6.9107
2.	it is not necessary (to)	28	6.7795
3.	it is desirable (to/ that)	37	6.1076
4.	it is important (to/ that)	420	5.8493
5.	it is better to	27	5.3741
6.	it is useful to	39	5.3515
7.	it is best to	22	5.1295
8.	it is reasonable to	38	6.3212
9.	it is crucial to	15	4.5538
10.	it is necessary to	217	4.0811

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