口译能力研究多元构拟

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8921.2022.04.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

作为综合性较强的一类语言技能,口译及口译语教育研究维度纷繁多样。其中,从应用语言学视角出发,认识口译能力是学习、教授口译的核心问题之一。口译能力组成复杂,受学员语言、教育和社会文化生活等背景因素的制约以及不同层次语言服务需求的影响,口译能力的标准化测试和口译学员的培养过程均面临挑战。不同学者对口译能力的诸多方面如能力结构、能力测量等进行过研究,本文在秉持口译能力具有多元性特征的能力构念基础上,通过对口译能力研究的文献细读,对其所涉诸项子能力及其内涵进行梳辨和归纳,构拟多元架构图示,旨在使口译学员和口译教师充分认识口译能力在文化、语言、认知和个体差异要素上的要求和口译能力的交叉学科属性,为更清晰地认识口译的学科样貌提供学理参照,并对口译学员的自我认知和口译教育的深化发展予以建议。

关键词: 口译能力, 多元架构, 口译教育

Abstract:

As a language skill prominent in its comprehensiveness, researches on interpreting and interpreting education bear various dimensions. Under the scope of applied linguistics, interpreting competence is one of the core issues in learning and teaching interpreting. The composition of interpreting competence is complex with challenges in unified and standard testing as well as interpreter training, which are caused by the multiple factors such as learners’ language background, educational backdrop, social and cultural life setting and market needs of language services at different levels. Scholars vary in their standpoints and perspectives in probing into interpreting competence, namely, its components, scales and assessment. Based on the concept that interpreting competence is characterized by diversity in dimensions, this paper devotes to the literature of interpreting competence and intends to enable interpreting candidates, trainers, and teachers to fully recognize that the sub-competencies of interpreting competence on demands are culturally, linguistically, cognitively, and individually manifested while nourished by interdisciplinary knowledge. A framework of diversity built on deep theoretical exploration is provided in reference as a clearer contour of learning interpreting as a major, guiding candidates to nourish self-awareness of interpreting and supporting the intensive development of interpreting education.

Key words: interpreting competence, diversity, framework, interpreting education

中图分类号:

H319

陈朗, 孙忠广. 口译能力研究多元构拟[J]. 当代外语研究, 2022, 22(4): 58-69.

CHEN Lang, SUN Zhongguang. Structure Interpreting Competence Research as a Famework of Multivariants[J]. Contemporary Foreign Languages Studies, 2022, 22(4): 58-69.

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	知识	能力
语言	对A、B语言的高度掌握↔? 专业词汇↔	高效的输入切分↔ 注意力分配↔ 语对的特定使用策略↔ 语言的可预测性↔
文化	对A、B文化的了解↔? 文化背景↔?	口语流利度↔? 处理速度↔? 良好的长期和短时工作记忆↔? 集中力↔? 边做笔记边讲话的能力?	认知
学术	大学学历和同等学历↔	无缝适配不同演讲者或不同情景或主题↔? 优质的声音条件及公共演讲技能↔? 抗压能力与自控能力↔? 团队协作能力↔ 专业年限↔? 求知欲↔ 外交能力↔ 良好的自我认知↔	人格

技能类型	测试	使用该测试或方法的学校数量
语言	短交传	14
	考生做短演讲	9
	面试	7
	归纳总结	7
	笔译	7
沟通	考生做短演讲	11
	短交传	10
	归纳总结	6
	面试	5
理解	归纳总结	8
	笔译	8
	短交传	5
分析	归纳总结	11
	短交传	6
	笔译	5
尝试	面试	8
	笔试	4
	考生做短演讲	3