Abstract： For the modeling and operation characteristic analysis of marine turbocharged unit, an improved differential evolutionary modeling method with residual correction was designed in this paper. This method adopted the differential evolution algorithm to identification model parameters based on the mechanistic model of turbocharged unit, and then used the residuals of original data and model outputs to correct errors, which avoided the deviation caused by experience or experimental data under ideal state. Simulation experiments were conducted based on this model and existing supercharged model to studied the dynamic characteristics of turbocharged unit in pastdown load process. The comparsion of the simulation result with the original data proved that the differential evolution algorithm with residual correction could automatically generate dominant model that met realtime and accuracy requirements in a given model space and parameter ranges. Further analysis of simulation results showed that there was ignificant lag of turbocharged unit in the pastdown load process.