语言迁移研究30年变迁

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8921.2022.03.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

三十多年来,语言迁移研究取得了前所未有的迅猛发展,近几年在实证和理论研究中又出现许多热点问题。语言迁移研究主要经历了四个阶段,最新研究范式旨在揭示语言在大脑中的交互方式,以及以复杂动态系统的方法探索影响语言迁移的因素和制约条件。作为语言迁移研究的前沿,生成句法理论着重考察一语迁移现象,揭示句法迁移的规律和特点;而概念化迁移假设与语言相对论、新沃尔夫主义密切关联,探讨一语概念结构如何迁移到二语表达。今后的语言迁移研究应动态系统地考察语言和非语言等多种因素,基于包含概念系统的复合语言能力观,将横向比较、纵向比较和双向比较相结合,从多学科、多角度出发来描述和解释迁移现象。

关键词: 语言迁移, 生成句法, 概念化迁移, 复杂动态系统理论, 复合语言能力观

Abstract:

Undergoing briefly four phases, language transfer research (LTR) has experienced unprecedented development since 30 years ago. Many important empirical discoveries and theoretical advances have been springing up in recent years, which are aimed to reveal how languages interact with each other in the brain and to explore the factors that influence language transfer in the complex, dynamic and systematic way. Standing in the frontier of LTR, the generative approach focuses on L1 transfer in relation to syntax. Contrastively, conceptual transfer approach, closely connected with linguistic relativity and neo-Whorfianism, is mainly concerned with how L1 concepts are transferred to L2 discourse. Language transfer could be better explained with the Complex Dynamic Systems Theory and the potentially concept-based multicompetence model. And relative studies should encompass linguistic and non-linguistic factors, compare languages horizontally and/or longitudinally, and describe and explicate transfer by interdisciplinary and multi-perspective ways.

Key words: language transfer, generative grammar, conceptual transfer, complex dynamic systems theory, multicompetence model

中图分类号:

H319.5

盖飞虹. 语言迁移研究30年变迁[J]. 当代外语研究, 2022, 22(3): 113-121.

GAI Feihong. Developments of Language Transfer Studies during the Past 30 Years[J]. Contemporary Foreign Languages Studies, 2022, 22(3): 113-121.

图/表 1

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发展阶段	理论视角	代表性研究	研究重点
“管约论” 时期	标记性子集原则空主语参数	Zobl 1983 White 1989 Hilles 1986	迁移的制约条件
“最简方案”时期	完全迁移/完全可及假说最小树假说特征无值假说	Schwartz & Sprouse 1996 Vainikka & Young-Scholten 1996 Eubank 1996	中介语初始状态