Abstract: Thinking is the essential human cognitive activity. It is also the common topic studied by philosophy, logic, psychology, linguistics and some other disciplines. Based on the achievements by brain science and cognitive neuroscience, this paper adduces the thinking-based foreign language education thoughts, which consider that the foreign language teaching of our country should not solely be based on the training of “basic knowledge” and “basic skills”, but train and cultivate students' thinking ability in foreign languages, and their abilities of critical and creative thinking.