The discourse system of traditional Chinese culture lies in its own bibliography. An analysis of the Four division System of Classics Historiography Ideological Schools Collections and its development reveals the source and course of the traditional Chinese culture as well as its nature and core focus. And the study of the source and course leads to the conclusion that the Chinese culture is fundamentally a culture of governance study, especially the study of governing the state. This understanding is of vital importance to understand the true value of Chinese culture to the present world and opens up a new course for the introduction and translation of Chinese culture to the world.