In the new era, the concepts of “national translation”, “national translation practice”, “national translation program” and “national translation studies” have been proposed, reflecting the practical concerns and active responses to China’s national strategic needs among Chinese scholars of translation studies. Since these new concepts and theories are still developing, some issues need to be clarified, and further improvements need to be made. This paper attempts to clarify the relationship between emerging translation concepts from the perspectives of patronage theory and ideology so as to find their distinctive features and construct a national translation system, which is helpful in facilitating subsequent translation research, translation practice, and the development of translation disciplines.