Being essential for the rise and fall of a nation, translation plays an important part in the modernization process in China. Since the late Qing Dynasty, Marxism got introduced into China through translation, functioning as a vehicle of fighting for national emancipation. In contemporary times, the translation and introduction of Chinese leaders’ writings based on China’s position and reflecting China’s wisdom to overseas countries has achieved the leap from “one-way (West to East) travel” to “two-way dialogue” in theory. Marxist theories, originated in the West, witnessed their great success in the East. Being adapted to the Chinese context and internalized as part of Chinese discourse, these theories, in return, have contributed to the development of today’s Marxism around the world. Thus, a probe into the history of translating and disseminating Marxist theories through the lens of Transknowletology reveals an important facet of East-West cultural communication, namely, the shift from “one-way traveling” to “East-West dialogue”.