Gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis (GCPM) is a common and lethal manifestation of advanced gastric cancer, with a median survival of only 5-11 months. This consensus was developed by 30 experts from Asia (China, Japan, Korea, and Singapore) using the Delphi method and the GRADE evidence grading system. A total of 29 statements were formulated, covering the diagnosis and assessment of GCPM, indications for laparoscopic exploration and NIPS (normothermic intraperitoneal and systemic treatment), treatment regimens, prevention and management of complications, criteria for conversion surgery, and postoperative intraperitoneal therapy. The consensus aims to standardize clinical practice and improve the prognosis of patients with GCPM.

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a group of malignant tumors arising from the biliary epithelium, with systemic therapy serving as the primary treatment approach for patients with advanced disease. In recent years, advances in molecular classification and targeted therapy have led to rapid updates in treatment guidelines for CCA. This review summarized recent progress in systemic treatment strategies for advanced CCA and the relevant recommendations in both international and domestic guidelines, aiming to provide evidence-based references for clinical management and decision-making in patients with CCA.

With the rise of generative AI, social semiotic multimodality studies face new opportunities and challenges. This paper reviews recent developments in multimodal researches to explore the application and impacts of AI technologies in social semiotics. Our findings show that AI helps overcome methodological limitations in multimodal discourse research, stimulates innovation in multimodal genres, and contributes to a paradigm shift in social semiotics theory—one that considers all communicative elements in the dynamic meaning exchange process. To address AI’s limitations in empathy and multimodal comprehension, future efforts should focus on building harmonious human-AI collaboration, encouraging interdisciplinary work and enriching the interpretation of multimodal discourse theory.

The endoscopic thyroidectomy by gasless unilateral axillary approach (GUA) represents a significant advancement in the field of endoscopic thyroid surgery, offering notable aesthetic and clinical therapeutic benefits. This paper reviewed the current clinical application, core technological innovations, quality control systems, and future developmental directions of GUA. Research indicated that GUA achieved surgical outcomes comparable to traditional open surgery in the treatment of benign thyroid tumors and thyroid cancer, while substantially enhancing cosmetic results and patient satisfaction. By optimizing the surgical approach design, enhancing cavity construction equipment, and standardizing the operational process, GUA markedly reduced the incidence of postoperative complications, preserved the anterior cervical functional area, and improved patients' postoperative quality of life. Furthermore, multidisciplinary collaboration and thorough pre-operative evaluation were fundamental to surgical success, while intraoperative quality control measures and a comprehensive postoperative follow-up system ensured the safety and efficacy of the procedure. In the future, the integration of robotic technology and advancements in single-site devices are anticipated to enhance the role of GUA in endoscopic thyroid surgery, thereby offering patients more minimally invasive and aesthetically favorable treatment options.

The 2022 WHO classification of endocrine and neuroendocrine tumors (5th edition) categorizes thyroid follicular cell-derived tumors into benign, low-risk, and malignant types. Benign tumors now include thyroid follicular nodular lesions. A newly added category previously termed "borderline tumors" have been revised to low-risk follicular cell-derived tumors, which encompass non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features, thyroid tumors of uncertain malignant potential, and hyalinizing trabecular tumors. The new WHO classification stratifies malignant follicular cell-derived tumors based on molecular characteristics and invasiveness: papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with various histological subtypes represents BRAF-like malignancies; invasive encapsulated follicular variant PTC and follicular thyroid carcinoma represent RAS-like malignancies. Oncocytic carcinoma is now recognized as a distinct entity, specifically referring to tumors composed of ≥75% oncocytic follicular cells lacking PTC nuclear features and high-grade characteristics (necrosis and mitotic figures ≥3/2 mm²). A new category termed "high-grade follicular cell-derived thyroid carcinoma" has been added, encompassing traditional poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma and differentiated high-grade thyroid carcinoma. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma(ATC) remains the most undifferentiated type, with thyroid squamous cell carcinoma now classified as a subtype of ATC. The term "papillary thyroid microcarcinoma" is no longer recommended as a distinct subtype. Cribriform-morular thyroid carcinoma is no longer classified as a subtype of PTC, but is instead categorized as a tumor of uncertain histogenesis.

Objective To investigate the rate of greater omentum metastasis in gastric cancer(GC). Methods General informations of patients with GC who underwent radical gastrectomy at Shanghai Ruijin Hospital in May 2020 were collected, and their clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed to find risk factors of greater omentum metastasis. Recurrence and survival were also assessed. Results A total of 59 patients with GC were included in the study, of which 2(3.4%) had greater omentum metastasis. One patient presented a pathological stage of pT4aN3bM0 and another ypT4bN1M0. The 3-year overall survival rate of patients in the study was 87.9%. Conclusions The rate of greater omentum metastasis was relatively low, and patients with greater omentum metastasis had an more advanced pathological stage. To further validate this clinical issue, a prospective randomized controlled clinical study should be conducted between radical gastrectomy with omentectomy and omentum-preserving radical gastrectomy.

The rapid development of generative AI technology provides an important opportunity for innovation in College English textbooks. This article first reviews the development history of digital textbooks in China and analyzes the potential of generative AI in areas such as dynamic content generation, personalized learning support, multimodal resource integration, and optimization of classroom interactions. Based on the current needs of College English teaching and relevant literature, this paper proposes a framework for the development of novel intelligent digital textbooks in the era of generative AI. This framework includes eight dimensions: textbook structure, textbook form, learning experience, teaching activities, teaching content, cross-disciplinary integration, assessment and feedback, and quality assurance and ethical standards.

National rhetoric is essentially a practice of constitutive rhetoric and is closely related to its core assumptions and areas of study. The construction of national rhetorical competence in the field of science and technology communication is an important part of national rhetoric, which directly determines the international communication effect of China’s science and technology development and the construction of national image. Starting from the perspective of constitutive rhetoric theory, this article analyzes three aspects related to the construction of national rhetorical competence in science and technology communication, including national rhetoric awareness, goals and strategies, and focuses on discussing the ways to implement national rhetorical strategies from three aspects: the value identification strategy of constructing a rhetorical ecology integrating science and technology and culture, the opposition identification strategy of challenging the “Western-centrism” discourse pattern, and the style identification strategy of creating a constructive journalism style with Chinese characteristics. In the current situation of global science and technology competition, the theoretical and practical research on national rhetorical competence in the field of science and technology communication will be further emphasized.

The present study conducts a systematic review of 76 articles related to teachers’ professional development in the context of digital intelligence in foreign language education from 2004 to 2024, aiming to provide insights into the current landscape. By employing the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic model and thematic analysis, the study explores the primary research focuses. Furthermore, it analyzes the types of technology along with their benefits and challenges. The results indicate that: (1) research on teachers’ professional development demonstrates an overall upward trend, despite periodic fluctuations; (2) research topics are diverse, covering various dimensions such as teachers’ knowledge, skills, practices, and training, but insufficiently address emotional aspects; (3) there is a tendency toward homogenization in research design, and the potential of data mining and analysis remains underutilized; (4) while technologies contribute significantly to teachers’ professional development, the dynamic changes in their empowering effects warrant further exploration. Finally, the study offers prospects for advancing teachers’ professional development in the digital intelligence process of foreign language education, aiming to promote its transformation and advancement.

Currently, the treatment strategy for iliac venous thromboembolic disease has evolved from early approaches such as simple anticoagulation therapy, surgical thrombectomy, and venous return improvement to encompass multiple minimally invasive modalities including pharmacologic thrombolysis, catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT), and mechanical thrombectomy. These advancements have demonstrated enhanced therapeutic efficacy and safety profiles. With the diversification of treatment modalities, the therapeutic concepts for venous thromboembolism (VTE) continue to be updated, establishing higher standards for treatment outcomes and safety. This article explored recent progress in the management of iliac venous thromboembolic disease, aiming to clarify the roles and efficacy of various treatment approaches in clinical practice while providing evidence-based treatment recommendation for clinicians. We anticipated further standardization of diagnostic and therapeutic protocols, along with increased emphasis on preventive measures, to safeguard vascular health in the general population.

Primary Sjögren syndrome (PSS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of exocrine glands and other organs. PSS shows strong clinical heterogeneity, presents different degrees of topical and systemic damage, and multidisciplinary collaboration are required to develop PSS treatment strategies. However, our country currently has not unified diagnosis and treatment consensus for PSS. Based on domestic and foreign diagnosis and treatment experience, consensus and guideline, experts from multiple related disciplines achieved consensus using the nominal group technique, providing guidance and reference for standardized diagnosis and treatment of PSS.

The global incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children and adolescents aged 0-19 years is about 1 211.9/10 million, with an incidence rate of 149.5/1 million person-years. In China, the incidence of T1DM in children and adolescents aged 0-19 years is about 56/1 million, with an incidence rate of 6.1/1 million person-years. The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in children and adolescents has been rising annually. Epidemiological data shows that the incidence of T2DM among adolescents in the United States increased from 34/100 000 in 2001 to 46/100 000 in 2009 and to 67/100 000 in 2017. In China, the incidence of pediatric T2DM has also shown a significant upward trend, rising from 4.1/100 000 in 1995 to 10.0/100 000 in 2010. The diagnostic criteria for pediatric diabetes in China follow the standards set by the World Health Organization in 2019. Diabetes subtypes related to children include T1DM, T2DM, mixed-type diabetes, and other specific types of diabetes. The typical clinical manifestations of adult diabetes are polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, and weight loss (the ‘three P’s and one less’). However, in children with T1DM, these symptoms are more pronounced, while T2DM may present more subtly. Traditional treatment for T1DM primarily involves insulin therapy, but it cannot fundamentally address the issue of impaired pancreatic function. Preventing or delaying β-cell damage and protecting the remaining pancreatic function have become new research directions in T1DM treatment. In addition to traditional insulin therapy and lifestyle interventions, new treatments such as immunotherapy, artificial pancreas, and stem cell transplantation have shown promising clinical results. These advances not only provide new directions for the future treatment of diabetes but also have the potential to transform diabetes from an incurable disease into a treatable one.

Diabetes is a common chronic disease, which has caused a significant health and economic burden worldwide. Diabetes is highly heterogeneous. Accurate diagnosis and classification are the premises to achieve standardized and accurate treatment of diabetes and improve the clinical outcomes of patients. Recently, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) issued the 2024 Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes. In the chapter on diabetes diagnosis and classification, the latest developments have been taken into account, with recommended approaches for the differential diagnosis of atypical diabetes, screening, diagnosis, and follow-up processes of different types of diabetes. This article interprets this section of the guidelines to provide a reference for healthcare professionals in the endocrine field in China for the accurate diagnosis, classification, and individualized treatment of diabetes.

The Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) analyzed 371 diseases and injuries using 100,983 data sources, estimating years lived with disability, years of life lost, disability-adjusted life years, and healthy life expectancy. From 1990 to 2019, the annual rate of change in global all-cause mortality ranged from -0.9% to 2.4%, while deaths increased by 10.8% and 7.5% in 2020 and 2021 respectively due to COVID-19. In 2021, COVID-19 was the second lea-ding cause of death globally, with a mortality rate of 94.0 per 100 000. The mortality rates of other major causes, such as ischemic heart disease and stroke were 108.7 and 87.4 per 100 000, respectively. Global life expectancy rose from 65.5 years in 1990 to 73.3 years in 2019 but dropped to 71.7 years in 2021 due to COVID-19, which reduced life expectancy by 2.2 years, significantly impacting the trend of health improvement. In China, GBD 2021 data shows a significant increase in life expectancy from 1990 to 2021: from 69.9 to 80.7 years for women and from 65.7 to 74.9 years for men. However, non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and chronic respiratory diseases remain major health threats. In 2021, these diseases had the highest burden among the top ten causes in China, with rising incidence and morta-lity rates. Major health risk factors in China include tobacco, hypertension, and dietary risks. This paper, through the systematic analysis of GBD 2021 data, reveals current trends in disease burden globally and in China, and proposes public health strategy recommendations. China should enhance chronic disease management, improve public health emergency responses, address health inequalities, and promote basic research and international cooperation to improve overall health levels.

Laparoscopic surgery has been widely applied in various surgical fields, demonstrating its advantages in minimally invasive procedures. However, for breast surgery, which lacks natural cavities, there remain certain controversies and unresolved issues. This review summarized the background, development, challenges, and solutions regarding the endoscope in breast surgery, and discussed the theoretical and practical basis for its application. Endoscope will become a new iterative tool in the field of breast surgery and is expected to provide a safer and minimally invasive way to serve more patients.

In recent years, minimally invasive surgical techniques represented by endoscopic techniques and robotic surgical systems have become a new trend in the development of surgical treatment. With the advantages of precision, minimally invasive and aesthetics, robotic surgery has been more and more widely used in the field of breast surgery. By analysing literature, this paper reviewed the application of robotic surgery in breast cancer treatment in recent years, including the development of the technology, feasibility and safety of the surgery, etc., so as to provide a theoretical basis for the application of robotic surgical systems in breast cancer treatment.

Hereditary breast cancer-related gene mutations significantly increase the risk of breast cancer in women. In this regard, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Clinical Practice Guidelines in Genetic/Familial High-Risk Assessment was developed to guide genetic assessment and counseling in mutation carriers of breast cancer risk genes, providing crucial information for the prevention, screening and treatment of breast cancer. This article provided an interpretation of the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Genetic/Familial High-Risk Assessment, integrating the clinical practice experience of Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.

Bone-modifying agents (BMAs), including bisphosphonate (BP) and denosumab, can reduce bone-related events caused by breast cancer bone metastasis. “Use of Adjuvant Bisphosphonates and Other Bone-Modifying Agents in Breast Cancer: ASCO-OH (CCO) Guideline Update” was published in Journal of Clinical Oncology in January 2022. The new “2022 version Guideline” suggested that the use of BP should be discussed for all postmenopausal patients with early breast cancer who are indicated for adjuvant therapy. Recommended drugs included zoledronate, clodronate, and ibandronate, and the recommended duration of BP was 2-3 years. Owing to the inconsistent results of the ABCSG-18 and D-CARE trials and the lack of data directly comparing denosumab with BP in early breast cancer, the use of denosumab in adjuvant therapy was not recommended. In conclusion, the role of BP in the adjuvant treatment of early breast cancer has been further affirmed, while the value of denosumab remains unclear.

Since the establishment of foreign language education studies as a secondary discipline under the first-level discipline of foreign languages and literatures, talent cultivation in this field has become a crucial issue for promoting the development of this discipline. This article first explores the connotation of talent cultivation in the discipline of foreign language education studies, then analyzes the challenges currently confronted in the talent cultivation process. Finally, in combination with the case of the doctoral program of the foreign language education studies major at Beijing Foreign Studies University, this article attempts to propose principles for developing talent cultivation programs as well as constructing and implementating the curriculum system in the discipline of foreign language education studies, in the hope of providing reference for talent cultivation in this field.

After nearly a decade of research, Foreign Language Education Studies (FLES) has recently been formally recognized as an independent discipline by China’s Ministry of Education. However, its necessity and distinctiveness still remain unclear to many in the academic community. Building on previous research, this paper further elaborates on the necessity of FLES as a distinct field of research and explores its distinctiveness from two dimensions: the innovation of research perspectives and the transformation of research paradigms. By addressing these issues, the paper aims to advance the theoretical and practical development of FLES.

Professor Yang Feng, the founder of Transknowletology, put forward the proposition that “The fusion of knowledge in science, sociology and humanities will solve the puzzle and problem of classification anxiety for the translation discipline for the time to come. Translatology armed with the knowledge of natural sciences, social sciences and humanities will inevitably become a meta discipline or supra subject”(Yang Feng 2021:2). Proceeding from the insightful statement, we can observe that Transknowletology intends to integrate the resources and refine its key concepts and reformulate its epistemic framework from the above three disciplines based on complex system to construct the meta-knowledge of translatology. Thus, Transknowletology as general translatology will necessarily touch upon the knowledge and ideas of translatology, philosophy, sociology, cognition, hermeneutics. Through analysis and synthesis, construction and refining, it will become a meta-discipline for translation studies embodying both the logical facts and ethic values.If it intends to reach such a goal, Transknowletology must include epistemic concepts, paradigms and epistemic reintegration and reclassification on its road map so as to reformulate its model. On the epistemic structure, it should proceed from the onotology, methodology and teleology of epistemology, attach importance to the dialectics of methodology, integrate East-West epistemology,reorganize the internal and external knowledge of translatology, give weight to humanistic, aesthetic and ethic knowledge. Thus formulated, it will depart from the binary separation of knowledge to the existential and life world experiences. Consequently, it will lessen the tensions between the scientific rationality and humanistic reason. Based on the “ method of harmonious balance of Transknowletology ” and the logic of dialogue, the newly formed branch of learning will perfect its methodology of restructuring its knowledge base and will eventually deal with the ultimate concern of “what is a translator” so as to actualize the “Epistemic Turn” in contemporary Translation Studies.

This article reviewed the definition of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) over the years, from which it can be seen that our understanding of the nature of COPD has gradually deepened and comprehensively. However, there are still some deficiencies in definition of COPD, including airway inflammation, etiology, disease heterogeneity, etc. The comorbid diagnosis and intervention of COPD requires multidisciplinary collaboration.