Abstract:

Parkinson syndrome (PDS) is a group of neurological syndromes characterized by bradykinesia, rigidity, resting tremor, and postural instability as core manifestations, mainly including Parkinson's disease (PD), atypical Parkinson syndromes (APSs), and secondary Parkinson syndromes. APSs are a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by parkinsonian motor disorders as core manifestations, but they differ significantly from typical Parkinson's disease in terms of pathological mechanisms, clinical features, imaging findings, drug responses, and prognosis. They mainly include multiple system atrophy, dementia with Lewy bodies, progressive supranuclear palsy, and corticobasal degeneration. In recent years, with the continuous updating of diagnostic criteria and the in-depth research on multimodal imaging and neuropathology, the positioning of different APS subtypes in clinical phenotypes and disease spectra has gradually become clear. In terms of treatment, APSs currently still rely primarily on symptomatic and supportive therapies. New strategies, including disease-modifying therapies targeting abnormal aggregation of α-synuclein and tau protein, as well as stem cell therapy, are being explored. This article systematically reviews the clinical and imaging features, evolution of diagnostic criteria, and treatment progress of each subtype of APSs, aiming to provide a reference for early clinical identification and standardized management.

Key words: Atypical Parkinson syndromes, Multiple system atrophy, Dementia with Lewy bodies, Progressive supranuclear palsy, Corticobasal degeneration