目的：探讨累及气道的复发性多软骨炎(relapsing polychondritis, RP)患者的临床特征。方法：对2007年7月至2023年12月在海军军医大学第一附属医院住院的141例RP患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：RP患者气道受累的发生率为58.87%(83/141)，其中以气管壁增厚最常见，伴气道受累的RP患者确诊年龄更大（P=0.011），不伴气道受累的RP患者更易出现耳软骨、眼部和心血管系统受累（P=0.008、P=0.009和P=0.021）。不伴气道受累的RP患者超敏C反应蛋白（P=0.023）和血小板计数（P=0.013）显著高于伴气道受累的RP患者，伴气道受累的RP患者中性粒细胞计数高于不伴气道受累的RP患者（P=0.018）。单因素Logistic回归分析显示，确诊年龄和中性粒细胞计数与气道受累风险增加相关；耳软骨受累、眼部受累、心血管受累、红细胞沉降率、超敏C反应蛋白、血小板计数与丙氨酸转氨酶与气道受累风险降低相关。多因素Logistic回归分析证实确诊年龄大和中性粒细胞计数高是气道受累的独立危险因素。结论：RP患者气道受累与确诊年龄及中性粒细胞计数相关，建议定期行胸部CT检查，必要时行支气管检查。

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with relapsing polychondritis (RP) involving airway. Methods The clinical data of 141 RP patients hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University from July 2007 to December 2023 were analyzed retrospectively. Results The incidence of airway involvement in RP patients was 58.87%, among which airway wall thickening was the most common. RP patients with airway involvement were diagnosed at a later age (P=0.011). RP patients without airway involvement were more likely to have ear cartilage, eye and cardiovascular system involvement (P=0.008, P=0.009 and P=0.021); the hypersensitive C-reactive protein and platelet counts in RP patients without airway involvement were higher than those in RP patients with airway involvement (P=0.023, P=0.013), while the neutrophil counts in the patients were lower than those in RP patients with airway involvement (P=0.018). Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age at diagnosis and neutrophil count were positively correlated with airway involvement. In contrast, ear cartilage, eye and cardiovascular involvement, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hypersensitive C-reactive protein, platelet count, and alanine transferase were negatively correlated with airway involvement. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis confirmed that age at diagnosis and neutrophil count were independent risk factors for airway involvement. Conclusions Airway involvement in RP patients is related to age at diagnosis and neutrophil count. The patients should receive regular chest CT and bronchial examination if necessary.