Advances in the study of intestinal microbes and rheumatic immune diseases

doi:10.16138/j.1673-6087.2025.05.11

Abstract

Abstract:

The gut microbes are crucial for maintaining human health. Intestinal microorganisms and their metabolites participate in the occurrence and development of rheumatic immune diseases by regulating inflammatory factors and immune cells. More studies show that intestinal microbial imbalance is closely related to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis and other rheumatic immune diseases. Recently, transplantation of probiotics and fecal microbiota as emerging therapeutic approaches has shown preliminary efficacy. With the rapid development of metagenomics, in-depth study on gut microbes will provide new perspective and potential intervention strategies for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of rheumatic immune diseases. This article reviews the role and potential therapeutic effects of gut microbes in rheumatic immune diseases.

Key words: Gut microbiota, Autoimmune rheumatic diseases, Probiotics, Fecal microbiota transplantation

CLC Number:

R593.2

LIU Qilong, JIN Zhengyi, HU Jiaqi, MIN Dumu, MA Taiyan, GAO Jie. Advances in the study of intestinal microbes and rheumatic immune diseases[J]. Journal of Internal Medicine Concepts & Practice, 2025, 20(05): 405-409.

Figures/Tables 1

References 34

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疾病	肠道微生物变化	关键代谢产物异常	免疫调控机制
↑：升高，↓:减少。pSS：原发性干燥综合征（primary Sjögren syndrome）；SSc：系统性硬化症（systemic sclerosis）；CCP：环瓜氨酸肽（cyclic citrullinated peptide）；dsDNA：双链DNA（double-stranded DNA）；HLA：人类白细胞抗原（human leucocyte antigen）；TGF：转化生长因子（transforming growth factor）
RA	厚壁菌门↓，拟杆菌门↓，放线菌门↑，变形菌门↑，普雷沃氏菌属↑	SCFA↓	Th17/Treg失衡，促炎细胞因子（IL-17、TNF-α）↑，自身抗体（抗CCP抗体、RF）产生↑
SLE	厚壁菌门↓，拟杆菌门失衡，噬菌体多样性改变	SCFA↓，色氨酸代谢紊乱	Treg功能受损，抗炎因子（IL-10）↓，B细胞过度活化→自身抗体（抗dsDNA）产生↑
AS	巨单胞菌属↑，Dorea↑，布劳特氏菌属↑，毛螺菌↓，瘤胃球菌↓，梭菌属Clostridium_XlVb↓	SCFAs↓，次级胆汁酸↓	肠道通透性↑→细菌易位，IL-23/IL-17轴活化↑，HLA-B27与微生物交叉反应
pSS	肠道/口腔/阴道菌群α多样性↓，链球菌属↑，乳杆菌属↓	未明确报道	黏膜屏障破坏→自身抗原暴露，B细胞异常活化→抗SSA/SSB抗体↑
SSc	厚壁菌门↑，放线菌门↑，拟杆菌门↓	SCFA↓	纤维化相关通路（TGF-β、Wnt）激活，Th2细胞优势→促纤维化因子（IL-4、IL-13）↑