Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics of hyperuricemia(HUA) and related influencing factors among the adult patients in Ruijin Hospital, and provide the clinical reference for prevention and treatment of HUA. Methods A retrospective study of serum uric acid was carried out on 47 100 people in Ruijin Hospital in June 2018, who were over 18 years old. Among them, 27 091 were males and 20 009 were females. The value of serum uric acid and distribution in different gender, age groups and clinical departments were studied. Results The total detection rate of HUA was 20.26%; it was 22.82% in male, and it was 16.88% in females. The serum uric acid level was negatively correlated with age in males, and females (≤50 years) (P<0.05), while it was positively correlated with female over 50 years (P<0.05). The high incidence age groups were 18-30 years in male, and in women over 71 years(P<0.05). Three departments with the highest HUA detection rate were the departments of nephrology, cardiac surgery outpatient and hypertension outpatient. Conclusions The detection rate of HUA in the study was high. The overall blood uric acid level in men was higher than that in women. The blood uric acid level in men gradually decreased with age, and the blood uric acid level in women showed a trend of decreasing and then increasing. Learning the distribution characteristics of uric acid in population could give help in strengthening education and prevention work in the susceptible population.