Due to the excessive and unreasonable use of antibiotics， the incidence of bacterial resistance and the improvement of drug resistance have gradually become a serious problem faced by orthopedic medical workers. Therefore， it is necessary to find an antibacterial agent with excellent antibacterial ability， excellent biocompatibility and not easy to produce drug resistance， which can replace antibiotics for orthopedic clinical. At present， scholars at home and abroad have proved that copper-based nanoparticles have small size， large specific surface area， excellent antimicrobial performance and are not easy to produce drug resistance. In the future， there is hope to replace antibiotics in clinical applications. In this paper， the main antibacterial mechanisms， biocompatibility， biological control of copper-based nanoparticles and the research progress of orthopedic copper-containing implants were reviewed. The existing problems and challenges of copper-based nanoparticles and copper-containing antibacterial implants were discussed， and the future of such antibacterial materials was prospected， so as to promote the clinical application of copper-based nanoparticles and orthopedic copper-containing antibacterial implants.

Copper-based nanoparticles, Antibacterial ability, Biocompatibility, Biological control, Antibacterial