Abstract: Port-wine stain is a common congenital capillary malformation disease, which can gradually progress to the hypertrophic and nodular PWS in the middle and late stages. The treatment method for hypertrophic lesions is different from flat lesions. Thus, the exploration of the hypertrophy mechanism of PWS appears to be particularly significant and will help to propose targeted treatments for this type of patients. In this paper, the histological and cytological phenotypes, common molecular manifestations of endothelial cells in hypertrophic port-wine stain tissue, as well as the recent finding of mutated genes that may lead to the pathogenesis and development of PWS were all reviewed.

Key words: Port-wine stains, 　Hypertrophy, 　Nodules, 　Pathogenesis