The thumb accounts for approximately 50% of the hand’s functionality. Thumb defects caused by various

congenital malformations， trauma， tumors and so on， significantly reduce the quality of life of patients and seriously affect their physical and mental health. Currently， there are numerous methods for thumb reconstruction， including both traditional classic surgical procedures and innovative ones after improvement. With the continuous development of microsurgery and tissue engineering technologies， as well as the increasing popularity of artificial intelligence， new concepts such as combined transplantation and artificial intelligence-assisted design offer more precise， personalized， and flexible surgical options for patients with thumb defects. This article provides a comprehensive overview of various surgical methods for thumb defect reconstruction to offer some references for clinical doctors.

Thumb defect, Reconstruction, Surgical methods