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Abstract The digital parallel battlefield represents a precise mapping from the physical to the digital space, transcending the traditional capability boundaries of simulation and facilitating cross-domain, cross-level, and more efficient applications. Based on the critical requirements for building the digital parallel battlefield, this paper studied overseas and domestic research status. Through comparative analysis of the gaps between current capabilities and actual needs, the paper deeply analysed the current challenges' root causes, which were characterised by “diverse constructions, difficult sharing, and high costs”. In addition, several key technologies were discussed in detail, including the overall architectural design, the multi-branch quick deduction, the counter-design of the blue team with game strategy, the integration of virtual-real parallel systems, the experiment design and comprehensive evaluation, etc. Finally, the paper proposed recommendations for future practical explorations, emphasising directions including “physical-digital synergy, co-evolution, collaborative operations, and sustainable development”.
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2025, Vol. 8 
