Discovering Cathodic Biocompatibility for Aqueous Zn-MnO2 Battery: An Integrating Biomass Carbon Strategy

doi:10.1007/s40820-024-01334-3

Abstract

Abstract:

Developing high-performance aqueous Zn-ion batteries from sustainable biomass becomes increasingly vital for large-scale energy storage in the foreseeable future. Therefore, γ-MnO₂ uniformly loaded on N-doped carbon derived from grapefruit peel is successfully fabricated in this work, and particularly the composite cathode with carbon carrier quality percentage of 20 wt% delivers the specific capacity of 391.2 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1 A g⁻¹, outstanding cyclic stability of 92.17% after 3000 cycles at 5 A g⁻¹, and remarkable energy density of 553.12 Wh kg⁻¹ together with superior coulombic efficiency of ~ 100%. Additionally, the cathodic biosafety is further explored specifically through in vitro cell toxicity experiments, which verifies its tremendous potential in the application of clinical medicine. Besides, Zinc ion energy storage mechanism of the cathode is mainly discussed from the aspects of Jahn-Teller effect and Mn domains distribution combined with theoretical analysis and experimental data. Thus, a novel perspective of the conversion from biomass waste to biocompatible Mn-based cathode is successfully developed.

Key words: Aqueous Zn-ion batteries, Biocompatibility, Jahn-Teller effect, Mn domains, γ-MnO₂

Wei Lv, Zilei Shen, Xudong Li, Jingwen Meng, Weijie Yang, Fang Ding, Xing Ju, Feng Ye, Yiming Li, Xuefeng Lyu, Miaomiao Wang, Yonglan Tian, Chao Xu. Discovering Cathodic Biocompatibility for Aqueous Zn-MnO₂ Battery: An Integrating Biomass Carbon Strategy[J]. Nano-Micro Letters, 2024, 16(1): 109-.

Wei Lv, Zilei Shen, Xudong Li, Jingwen Meng, Weijie Yang, Fang Ding, Xing Ju, Feng Ye, Yiming Li, Xuefeng Lyu, Miaomiao Wang, Yonglan Tian, Chao Xu. [J]. Nano-Micro Letters, 2024, 16(1): 109-.

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URL: https://www.qk.sjtu.edu.cn/nml/EN/10.1007/s40820-024-01334-3

https://www.qk.sjtu.edu.cn/nml/EN/Y2024/V16/I1/109

Figures/Tables 5

Fig. 1 a Schematic diagram for the preparation of CP. b XRD patterns of CP-0, CP-10, CP-20, CP-30, and CP-40. c FTIR spectra of CP-0 and CP-20. d SAED, e and f HRTEM, g SEM, h-k EDS of CP-20. XPS high-resolution patterns of l Mn 2p, m O 1s, n C 1s, and o N 1s of CP-20.

Fig. 2 Theoretical calculated results of a MSD, b E_ads, and c bader charge about the models of Zn²⁺ intercalating into the tunnel structures of pure γ-MnO₂ and γ-MnO₂@CP

Fig. 3 Electrochemical test results of a CV curves, b constant current charge-discharge profiles, c high rate discharge ability, d 200 times cycling performance, and e 3000 times cyclic stability of CP-0, CP-10, CP-20, CP-30, and CP-40. f Comparison diagram about the energy density calculated based on cathodic active material mass between literatures and CP-20

Fig. 4 a Ex-situ XRD of CP-0 and CP-20 at F-D/F-C states on the 10th cycle. b Sketch map at F-D state and the calculated E_ads values of OH⁻ to the surface of γ-MnO₂. XPS high-resolution patterns of c O 1s, d Mn 3s and e Zn 2p of CP-0 and CP-20. f Calculated Mn-O bonding distances of MnO₆ octahedra of pure γ-MnO₂ and γ-MnO₂@CP. g Schematic Mn domains and h, i actually observed Mn domains

Fig. 5 a Relative cell viability of 3T3 cells at different time points post treatment. b Fluorescence microscopic images of 3T3 cells by Calcein AM/PI staining at 48 h with various treatments. c Cell apoptosis percentage of 3T3 cells upon different treatments for 48 h by flow cytometry (Ctrl: cells treated with PBS)

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