Objective: To evaluate the value of color Doppler ultrasonography in evaluation of stenosis and thrombosis of autogenous arteriovenous fistula. Methods: Eighty six patients with suspected stenosis or thrombosis of autologous arteriovenous fistula in the dialysis center of our hospital from January 2015 to October 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. According to angiographic examination, patients were categorized into roughly normal group (20 cases), stenosis group (38 cases) and thrombosis group (28 cases). Results of color Doppler ultrasound examination (internal diameter of radial artery and cephalic vein, flow velocity ratio, degree of stenosis, presence or absence of thrombus and blood flow) were compared among the three groups. Results of angiography were used as the gold standard to evaluate the efficacy of color Doppler ultrasound examination for diagnosing fistula stenosis and thrombosis. Results: Compared with the roughly normal group, fistula diameter, cephalic vein diameter and blood flow were decreased in stenosis group and thrombosis group, while flow velocity ratio and degree of stenosis were increased, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The ROC curve showed that the area under the curve of blood flow in diagnosing fistula stenosis was the highest (AUC=0.964), followed by flow velocity ratio (AUC=0.903) and stenosis (AUC=0.823), and internal diameter of fistula (AUC=0.697) was the smallest. The diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value by blood flow (<482.62 mL/min) for predicting stenosis were significantly higher than other indices (P<0.05). The diagnostic efficacy of color Doppler ultrasonography for diagnosing arteriovenous fistula thrombosis was similar to that of angiography（Kappa=0.931, P<0.001）. Conclusions: For the evaluation of stenosis and thrombosis of autologous arteriovenous fistula, color Doppler ultrasonography has a high application value, blood flow (less than 482.62 mL/min) predicts the presence of arteriovenous fistula stenosis.