Objective: To investigate the correlation between different fat distribution indices and dyslipidemia in community residents of Songnan District in Shanghai. Methods: A survey was conducted among 550 community residents in Songnan District, Shanghai. Questionnaires was used to collect information on health status, medical history, and lifestyle. Subjects received physical examinations for height, body weight, waist circumference, and blood pressure measurement. Venous blood sample was collected after an overnight fast and blood lipids and glucose were tested. CT and FATSCAN software were used to measure abdominal visceral fat area and subcutaneous fat area. Results: The proportion of dyslipidemia among 550 community residents in Songnan District was 65.1%. Measures of fat distribution indices such as body-mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio, waist circumference, visceral fat area, subcutaneous fat area in individuals with dyslipidemia were significantly higher than individuals with normal blood lipids (P<0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that after adjustment for sex, age, current smoking, current drinking, educational attainment, systolic pressure, HbA1c, blood glucose-lowering treatment and insulin resistance, one-SD increase in waist-hip ratio was associa-ted with 87% increase in risks of having high LDL-cholesterol; one-SD increase in waist circumference was associated with 60% increase in risks of having low HDL-cholesterol and 45% increase in risks of having dyslipidemia. Conclusions: Most indicators of fat distribution such as BMI, waist-hip ratio, waist circumference, visceral fat area, and subcutaneous fat area are correlated with dyslipidemia, however, the degree of correlation is different. Waist-hip ratio might be more important in the association with high LDL-cholesterol. Waist circumference might be more important in the association with low HDL-cholesterol and dyslipidemia.