Objective To investigate the pathological and immunohistochemical features, diagnosis, and key points of differential diagnosis of calcifying fibrous tumors (CFT) occurring in the gastrointestinal tract. Methods The clinical and pathological data of 5 consecutive patients with gastrointestinal CFT admitted to Huangshan People's Hospital from October 2023 to November 2024 were retrospectively collected. The clinical and pathological features of gastrointestinal CFT were analyzed by HE staining and immunohistochemical staining, and relevant literature was reviewed. Results Among the 5 patients, there were 2 males and 3 females, aged between 49 and 68 years old. Four cases with single lesion occurred in the gastric body (3 cases) and fundus (1 cases), and one case involved multiple masses in the gastric body, ileum, and pelvic abdominal wall. Microscopically, the tumors exhibited abundant hyalinized collagen fibers mixed with a small number of fibroblasts and blood vessels. The cells showed no atypia, and mitotic figures were rare. Three cases were accompanied by psammoma bodies or dystrophic calcifications. Immunohistochemical staining showed that tumor cells expressed Vimentin (5/5), SMA (2/5), CD34 (1/5), and CD117 (2/5), but no DOG-1, Desmin, and S-100. The Ki-67 proliferation index was approximately 1%. All 5 patients were followed up for 6-18 months, and no tumor recurrence or metastasis was observed. Conclusions Gastrointestinal CFT is a relatively rare benign tumor that needs to be differentiated from other mesenchymal tumors, such as gastrointestinal stromal tumors and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors. Characteristic histomorphological features, such as hyaline degeneration and dystrophic calcification, are helpful for diagnosis.