实验性血管炎动物模型研究进展

doi:10.16138/j.1673-6087.2021.01.012

摘要/Abstract

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魏兆楠, 陈永熙. 实验性血管炎动物模型研究进展[J]. 内科理论与实践, 2021, 16(01): 53-59.

图/表 2

表1

MPO-AAV相关性实验性血管炎动物模型

模型	动物	建模方法	机制	模型特点	研究方向
ANCA相关EAV	WKY大鼠	hMPO免疫WKY大鼠	主动免疫MPO诱导抗MPO抗体反应	主动免疫打破了自身耐受,且无需其他干预措施;但使用该方法仅能在WKY大鼠品系中建模成功,且与人类疾病相比病理改变轻微	固有免疫在发病中的机制
抗GBM抗体激活的主动免疫性小鼠模型	C57BL/6小鼠	hMPO免疫C57BL/6小鼠后给予低于致肾炎剂量的羊抗鼠GBM抗体	主动免疫MPO诱导抗MPO抗体反应	主动免疫打破了自身免疫耐受,建模周期较短;但需要外源性免疫球蛋白（抗GBM抗体）的刺激以引发疾病,仅适用于AAV病程早期的相关研究	固有免疫在发病中的机制
基于MPO^-/-小鼠的MPO-ANCA被动转移模型	C57BL/6野生型或Rag2^-/- 小鼠	小鼠MPO免疫MPO^-/-小鼠获得MPO-ANCA,再将MPO-ANCA转移至野生型或Rag2^-/-小鼠体内	被动免疫MPO-ANCA与表达MPO的中性粒细胞相互作用	可用于研究ANCA的直接作用,且建模周期短,重复性好;但未打破免疫耐受,不属于真正意义上的自身免疫疾病	ANCA直接致病机制
基于MPO^-/-小鼠的抗MPO脾细胞被动转移模型	C57BL/6 Rag2^-/-小鼠	小鼠MPO免疫MPO^-/-小鼠获得抗MPO脾细胞,再将抗MPO脾细胞转移至野生型或Rag2^-/-小鼠体内	MPO特异性T细胞、B细胞介导损伤	病理改变较其他模型严重,更接近人类疾病;不属于真正意义上的自身免疫疾病,向免疫缺陷小鼠中转移的脾细胞出现异常增生,并导致肾小球中有免疫复合物沉积	免疫细胞（T、B、中性粒细胞）在ANCA相关性血管炎发病机制及作用
MPO^-/-小鼠辐照后MPO^+/+骨髓移植模型	C57BL/6 MPO^-/-小鼠辐照后接受MPO^+/+骨髓移植	小鼠MPO免疫MPO^-/-小鼠诱导MPO-ANCA,经辐照和骨髓移植引入MPO^+/+中性粒细胞	MPO-ANCA与MPO^+/+中性粒细胞相互作用	不必从小鼠血清中分离ANCA,实现了ANCA的持续产生,可用于研究ANCA的直接作用;但与ANCA相互作用的中性粒细胞来自异体,不属于真正意义上的自身免疫疾病,且建模方法复杂,周期长而病理改变轻微
MPO特异性T细胞转移模型	C57BL/6 Rag1^-/-小鼠	MPO或MPO T细胞表位免疫小鼠获得MPO特异性T细胞,再将其被动转移至Rag1^-/-小鼠体内后通过沉积MPO诱发疾病	MPO特异性T细胞识别肾小球中沉积的MPO介导疾病	可用于研究细胞免疫在AAV中的作用;不属于真正意义上的自身免疫疾病,建模方法复杂,未提及是否有免疫复合物形成,Rag1^-/-小鼠具有的免疫缺陷在AAV患者中并不存在

表1

表2

参考文献 48

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模型	动物	建模方法	机制	模型特点	研究方向
重组小鼠PR3-ANCA被动转移模型	129/SvEv小鼠	重组mPR3免疫mPR3/mNE双基因敲除小鼠获得PR3-ANCA,再将PR3-ANCA转移至野生型小鼠体内	PR3-ANCA与中性粒细胞相互作用	仅加重了TNF-α诱发的局部炎症反应,并未引起血管炎	中性粒细胞在疾病发病中机制及作用
PR3免疫的NOD小鼠脾细胞被动转移至NOD/SCID小鼠模型	NOD/SCID小鼠	mPR3免疫NOD小鼠获得抗PR3脾细胞,再将抗PR3脾细胞转移至NOD/SCID小鼠体内	PR3特异性T细胞、B细胞介导损伤	出现了新月体性肾小球肾炎相关症状;不属于真正意义上的自身免疫,仅有肾脏症状而缺乏人类PR3-AAV的肺部症状,且小鼠的免疫缺陷状态与人类患者不相符	T、B细胞在疾病发病中作用及机制
PR3-ANCA被动转移至人源化嵌合小鼠模型	人源化NOD/SCID/IL-2R^-/-小鼠	将人造血干细胞注射到受辐照的NOD/SCID/IL-2R^-/-小鼠体内建立人源化小鼠,然后接受人类患者PR3-ANCA	人PR3-ANCA与来自人造血干细胞的中性粒细胞和单核细胞相互作用	可用于研究PR3-ANCA的直接作用,出现了与人类疾病相似的肺部和肾脏症状;但建模过程复杂而疾病症状较为轻微,小鼠的免疫缺陷状态与人类患者亦不相符	中性粒细胞和单核细胞在疾病发病中作用及机制

实验性血管炎动物模型研究进展

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