Fig 1

Zone classification of abdominal wall Zone A: Retromuscular; Zone B: Linea alba; Zone C: Hypogastric and pelvic; Zone D: Lateral area; Zone E: Epigastric and rib cage.

Fig 2

Crossover technique diagram

Fig 3

TAR technique diagram A: Anatomic details around linea alba; B: Dissection of TAR maneuver.

Fig 4

Anatomic details of epigastric and rib cage area Note, the relationship between transverse abdominis muscle and the diaphragm fibers.

Fig 5

The extraperitoneal dissection details around arcuate line

Fig 6

EHS classification of lateral hernias and diverse surgical approaches A: EHS classification of lateral area; B: Bottom-up approach for L1 hernia; C: Medial-to-lateral approach for L2 and L4 hernias; D: Top-down approach for L3 hernia.

Fig 7

Port placement and “U” shaped dissection strategy for TES of parastomal hernia Blue area: Incisional hernia defect and parastomal hernia defect.

Fig 8

Extraperitoneal mesh Sugarbaker placement for parastomal hernia repair A: Sugabaker configuration of the mesh; B: Diagram of extraperitoneal mesh placement.

Fig 9

Defect and sac incorporated closure for huge hernia A: Defect and sac incorporated closure； B: Post-suture effect.

Fig 10

TVS dissection plane Transverse view of the placement and lateral extent of the mesh in a retrorectus and laterally a retrotransversus abdominis retroperitoneal plane.

Fig 11

Components of TVS techniques system