Bone defect repair is one of the key issues to be addressed in oncoplastic surgery. Traditional repair methods

have obvious limitations in terms of mechanical matching， biological activity and individualization. The new carbon-fiber artificial bone （CFAB）， which takes carbon fiber and its composites as the core， is used as a medical bone substitute implant for bone defect repair. It has become a research hotspot in bone defect repair due to its advantages such as light weight and high strength， adjustable elastic modulus， radiolucency， excellent biocompatibility and strong designability. Based on recent literature， this article systematically elucidates the material properties， key technological breakthroughs， current applications in surgical oncology， existing challenges， and future directions of CFAB， aiming to provide a reference for subsequent research and translational applications.

Carbon fiber, Oncoplastic surgery, Bone defect, Biocompatibility