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Global Space Security Situation Analysis and Development Proposal CHEN Ying, WEI Guoning, TANG Shengyong, KANG Zhiyu Air & Space Defense    2021, 4 (3): 99-104.   Abstract （1135）      PDF（pc） （5925KB）（835）       Knowledge map    Save As a new frontier of human activity, space is threatened by asteroid, space debris and military contest, and space security is closely related to the common interests of all mankind. Focusing on the topic of space security situation, a new definition of space security is proposed in this paper from the perspective of space domain and application scenario. In addition, considering both man-made threats and natural threats, current situation and near future development of space security is analyzed. And then, the main challenges of space security situation are discussed, such as asteroid defense, debris removal and outer space arms control. Lastly, four proposals about the big issue of global space security improvement are presented, from the point of view of diplomacy, law, technology, culture. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress of Optical Aperture with Supersonic Film Cooling Under Hypersonic Flight Environment YI Shihe, DING Haolin Air & Space Defense    2021, 4 (4): 1-13.   Abstract （1085）      PDF（pc） （8474KB）（1094）       Knowledge map    Save Under hypersonic conditions, the existence of aero-optical effects seriously affects the accuracy of infrared imaging guidance, which has become one of the key technical problems in the development of a new generation of hypersonic precision strike weapons. It is necessary to study the optical aperture with supersonic film cooling suitable for hypersonic flight environment so as to solve the thermal protection and imaging problems of optical aperture under hypersonic flight conditions and break through the speed and temperature limitations of existing infrared imaging guidance weapons. Finally, it provides support for the realization of weapons' high-precision strike against air, ground, and sea under hypersonic conditions. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis of Mosaic Warfare Concept and Key Technologies Based on OODA Loop GU Haobing, TIAN Shaohua, ZHOU Danfa, GE Luqin Air & Space Defense    2021, 4 (3): 65-69.   Abstract （940）      PDF（pc） （4108KB）（883）       Knowledge map    Save In the future, the combat environment will be unmanned, intelligent and systematic. The background of the concept of Mosaic War is introduced; the relationships with the theory of OODA loop and the idea of decision centric warfare are pointed out; the core idea of Mosaic War and its application at the operational level and system construction level are analyzed. The key technologies are summarized to support the intelligent operation of mosaic warfare troops in terms of network information share, command and control of communication, as well as intelligent and hybrid decision making. Considering the advantages of Mosaic War in concealment and flexibility, and the deficiencies in communication, command & control and logistics, in order to delay and block the OODA fast closed loop, the countermeasures are proposed from the aspects of electromagnetic spectrum confrontation, intelligent algorithm and group confrontation. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis of Combat Concept of "Mosaic Warfare" and Countermeasures ZHAO Renxing, WANG Ling, FENG Mingyue, JIA Wentong Air & Space Defense    2021, 4 (3): 48-54.   Abstract （855）      PDF（pc） （3355KB）（1224）       Knowledge map    Save The US military’s "Mosaic Warfare" combat concept from the perspectives of military strategy, combat theory, and battlefield application are summarized in this article. It has the characteristics of clear directionality, distinct inheritance, and outstanding innovation. It concludes that its combat concept and concept may be important to our combat system. Target protection, the seizure of electromagnetic power, and the suddenness of war have had an impact. On this basis, countermeasures and suggestions have been put forward in terms of combat theory, power building, equipment development, and application of tactics to deal with the challenges of the US military’s "Mosaic Warfare". Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Improved RRT Path Planning Algorithm Based on Deep Q-network LI Zhaoying, OU Yiming, SHI Ruoling Air & Space Defense    2021, 4 (3): 17-23.   Abstract （599）      PDF（pc） （1691KB）（373）       Knowledge map    Save Aiming at the problems of large randomness and low search efficiency of rapid exploring random tree (RRT) path planning algorithm, combined with the characteristics that reinforcement learning can select strategies according to prior knowledge, an improved RRT optimization algorithm based on deep Q-network (DQN) is proposed. Firstly, the obstacle avoidance strategy with variable step in complex domain is designed, and the Markov decision process (MDP) model of random tree growth in RRT algorithm is established. Then, the obstacle avoidance strategy and MDP model are connected to the interface of RRT-Connect algorithm, and the specific process of training and path planning is designed. Finally, the simulation experiment is carried out on the MATLAB software platform. The simulation results show that the improved RRT-Connect algorithm based on deep Q-network (DQN-RRT-C) has a significant improvement in rapidity and search efficiency. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Confrontation Environment and Combat Mode of Future Air Combat ZHANG Manman, JIANG Yi, YANG Changzhi, LEI Jing Air & Space Defense    2021, 4 (3): 105-109.   Abstract （474）      PDF（pc） （4584KB）（915）       Knowledge map    Save With the constant change of the concept of combat and the role of technology promotion, the rapid development and extensive application of new and high technologies with aerospace technology, new concept weapons, artificial intelligence, and information network as the core in the military field have brought about historic changes in the form of air combat, the mode of combat and the confrontation environment.With the continuous improvement of adversary air combat capability, the continuous change of combat environment and the development of new aircraft platform, higher requirements are put forward for the development of new airborne weapons. Therefore, starting from the air combat development system, combined with the concept of air combat and equipment development trends of the United States and other military powers, this paper combs the characteristics of the future air combat confrontation environment and its combat mode, and makes research judgment and suggestions on the future air combat concept, so as to provide reference for the future air combat mode research and new airborne weapon research in China. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Methods for Infrared-Visible Light Image Fusion Based on HSV Color Space HU Jinhao, WANG Minghao, XIA Tianyang, WANG Yuexing, DU Haijing, XU Chuangang Air & Space Defense    2021, 4 (4): 87-94.   Abstract （468）      PDF（pc） （7036KB）（185）       Knowledge map    Save In order to enhance the visual effect of dual light fusion and improve the recognition of fused images by human eyes, this paper proposes infrared-visible light image fusion methods based on hue-saturation-value (HSV) color system. According to the relationship between the information of each channel of HSV system and color perception physiology, the gray-scale infrared image and pseudo-color coded infrared image are mapped with the visible light image in hue, saturation and value channel. The HSV information of the fused image is obtained by establishing the fusion mathematical model of each channel through brightness adaptation. Finally, the RGB computer color display image of the fused image is obtained by color model transformation. The results show that methods proposed in this paper can retain the key information in infrared and visible light images when realizing the fusion of infrared and visible light, and complete the information complementation. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Infrared Dim and Small Target Detection Based on Dual-Channel Feature-Enhancement Integrated Attention Network CAI Yunze, ZHANG Yanjun Air & Space Defense    2021, 4 (4): 14-22.   Abstract （434）      PDF（pc） （2312KB）（634）       Knowledge map    Save Aiming at the problems existing in long-distance infrared target detection, such as less feature information, complex environment, more noise interference, and high missed detection rate and false alarm rate of traditional target detection algorithms, an infrared small target detection algorithm based on dual-channel feature enhancement attention network is proposed in this paper. The overall network structure mainly includes three parts: dual channel feature extraction module, feature enhancement module and integrated top-bottom attention module. Compared with single channel feature extraction, dual channel feature extraction can obtain more feature information. Feature enhancement module can enrich target features further. Moreover, the integrated top bottom attention module can adaptively enhance target features and weaken background noise. And then the algorithm improves the detection effect of dim and small targets in the infrared images. Finally, it is verified that the algorithm proposed in this paper has a better detection effect, and has a lower rate of missed detection and false detection. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Review of Hypervelocity Projectile by Electromagnetic Launch at Home and Abroad MA Xiaoping, LIAO Xin, CHEN Bing Air & Space Defense    2021, 4 (2): 87-.   Abstract （419）      PDF（pc） （1615KB）（915）       Knowledge map    Save In light of new-type weapon equipment in terminal defense-hypervelocity projectile (HVP) by electromagnetic launch, this paper first overviews the concept of electromagnetic rail gun, its system and working principle. Then the features of HVP by electromagnetic launch are analyzed. Based on this, foreign and domestic research status is reviewed. Besides, the key technologies to promote product serialization are discussed, among which includes multi-mode combined guidance, electromagnetic compatibility, etc. Finally, based on research achievements analysis related to HVP at home and abroad, this paper indicates that HVP will develop towards systemization, intellectualization, networking and coordination from product lifecycle management and general development model. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on Near Space Defense Technology Development and Penetration Strategy XIONG Junhui, LI Keyong, LIU Yi, JI Yu Air & Space Defense    2021, 4 (2): 82-.   Abstract （418）      PDF（pc） （1024KB）（740）       Knowledge map    Save In recent years，the rapid development of near space vehicles has attracted worldwide attention on the construction of near space defense system, and some countries are conducting the specific research into defense technology and equipment. In this paper, the penetrating capabilities of near space hypersonic vehicles are introduced. The adaptability is analyzed regarding main foreign air and missile defense system performance to the interception of near space hypersonic vehicles and the development trends of defense technologies against near space vehicles are studied. Finally, the penetration strategies of near space vehicles are discussed, providing reference for the development of attack-defense confrontation. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Landing Guidance of Reusable Launch Vehicle Based on Reinforcement Learning HE Linkun, ZHANG Ran, GONG Qinghai Air & Space Defense    2021, 4 (3): 33-40.   Abstract （418）      PDF（pc） （2142KB）（184）       Knowledge map    Save Landing guidance for reusable launch vehicle should ensure the accuracy of landing position and velocity as well as minimized fuel consumption. Landing guidance methods based on optimal control is based on accurate rocket dynamic model, which corrupts the scalability of guidance methods. To address this problem, a neural network landing guidance policy is developed based on model-free iterative reinforcement learning approach. First, a Markov decision process model of the rocket landing guidance problem is established, and a staged reward function is designed according to the terminal constraints and fuel consumption index; Further, a multilayer perceptron guidance policy network is developed, and a model-free proximal policy optimization algorithm is adopted to achieve iterative optimization of the guidance policy network through interaction with the rocket landing guidance Markov decision process; Finally, the guidance policy is validated under simulations of a reusable launch vehicle landing scenario. The results show that the proposed reinforcement learning landing guidance policy can achieve high landing accuracy, near optimal fuel consumption, and adaptivity to parameter uncertainty of the rocket model. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Review of Missile Automatic Loading Technology WANG Xufeng, TANG Rijia, SUN Yanyi, GAN Xingye, ZHANG Yuxin Air & Space Defense    2021, 4 (2): 34-.   Abstract （413）      PDF（pc） （3862KB）（621）       Knowledge map    Save Different from traditional missile loading method, the missile automatic loading technology is a new loading method that can meet the satisfaction of unmanned combat platform. This paper first introduces existing missile loading methods at home and abroad. The differences of “push-loading” and “vision servo manipulator plus flexible and parallel hoisting device” are also analyzed. The research of the latter one is mainly conducted. The manipulator control technology based on improved path planning, machine vision technology and flexibly adaptive adjustment technology are proposed, thus providing ideas for the research of missile automatic loading and unmanned smart combat. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Low Signature Target Group Detection Based on Multimodal Data Learning Fusion Network ZHAO Huipan, LIU Huanyu Air & Space Defense    2021, 4 (3): 41-47.   Abstract （412）      PDF（pc） （6554KB）（1197）       Knowledge map    Save Low signature target group detection is a difficult problem. With the development of sensor technology, the target detection method based on multimodal data fusion becomes possible. Traditional methods focus on the artificial design of multi-modal data fusion level, by using signal level and decision-making level fusion, and neglecting multi-modal inherent fusion features. In order to make full use of the inherent multimodal feature expression ability of deep convolution network, a point to point multimodal data learning fusion network is proposed, which can fuse data from visible, infrared and Doppler pulse radar data devices. The experimental results on FLIR_ADAS dataset show that the proposed algorithm can significantly improve the performance of low signature target group detection. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Integrated Air Defense Cooperative Networking Operation Research LAI Wenxing, WANG Chuangwei, GU Cunfeng, ZHANG Qing, XU Yongqin, JIA Jun Air & Space Defense    2022, 5 (4): 92-96.   Abstract （405）      PDF（pc） （3289KB）（667）       Knowledge map    Save In view of the current operational background of the development of air attack system towards the integration of sky, ground, sea, network and electronic, and the expansion of operational airspace to near space, outer space and network electronic space, the paper points out the connotation and core content of the integrated air defense cooperative networking operation, analyzes the current situation at home and aboard, proposes the composition of integrated air defense cooperative networking operation, studies the technical approach of adaptive networking architecture, integrated fire control network, distributed command and control system, operational component, discusses its combat capability, combat style, typical scenario and operational process. The operation technology can provide a useful reference for realizing the cross domain networking operation of interconnection and interoperability between different types defense equipment and establishing the integrated aerospace defense system. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Gliding Vehicle Trajectory Planning Based on Sequential Convex Optimization Algorithm LI Zhen, XU Bingqing, LI Qingbo, YAN Xiongwei, LI Boya Air & Space Defense    2021, 4 (4): 50-56.   Abstract （391）      PDF（pc） （1160KB）（876）       Knowledge map    Save For the problem of multi-constrained trajectory planning of gliding vehicle in the unpowered glide phase, a set of fast solving algorithms is presented based on convex optimization method. The algorithm establishes an extended dimension state model by introducing control derivative, obtains discrete optimization problems based on piecewise Gaussian pseudo-spectral method, and accelerates the convergence solving process by relying on three designed target penalty functions. The simulation results show that the algorithm can quickly converge to a set of feasible solutions of the original problem at any initial value that does not satisfy the constraint, and the computational efficiency is higher than that of the traditional Gaussian pseudo-spectral method. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis and Reflection on Generation Mechanism of U.S. Weapon Equipment Operational Requirements XIAO Yongle, CHENG Xiang Air & Space Defense    2021, 4 (3): 110-114.   Abstract （388）      PDF（pc） （1239KB）（838）       Knowledge map    Save The generation mechanism of U.S. weapon equipment operational requirements is introduced; the existing problem of PLA is analyzed by comparison in this area. Using the thought of system engineering, the generation mechanism of weapon equipment operational requirements is discussed, and the enlightenment and suggestions are putforward. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Development of Light Photoelectric Guided Missile LI Jiatai, CHEN Guoliang, MA Shanbin, WU Zhipeng, WANG Qinchao Air & Space Defense    2021, 4 (4): 37-43.   Abstract （380）      PDF（pc） （5173KB）（1471）       Knowledge map    Save With the rapid development of new photodetectors, optical materials, signal processing and MEMS techno-logy, the photoelectric precision guidance technology has gradually become one of the most important technologies in the field of precision guidance today, and also lays the foundation for the development of a new generation of light photoelectric guided missile. In this paper, the typical models of light photoelectric guided missile in foreign military are summarized, and the technology development status is introduced. The key technologies in missile overall design technology, detection guidance and control technology, fuse-warhead coordination technology, and motor system technology are analyzed in detail. Finally, the paper envisages the development trend of light photoelectric guided missile. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Review of Integrated Equipment for Electronic Reconnaissance and Jamming and Localization ZHANG Wenxu, WU Zhennan, LU Manjun, HU Jianbo Air & Space Defense    2022, 5 (2): 75-86.   Abstract （375）      PDF（pc） （2476KB）（644）       Knowledge map    Save The integrated framework for reconnaissance and jamming of sweep guidance, fast guidance and modulation bandwidth converter is analyzed in the paper. Miniaturization, modularization and localization will become the development trend of the integrated equipment for electronic reconnaissance and jamming. The development status of electronic reconnaissance and jamming technology is analyzed from the aspects of electronic reconnaissance technology, electronic jamming technology and transceiver isolation technology of electronic reconnaissance and jamming system. The wideband digital channelized receiving and transmitting, ultra-wideband jamming, distributed jamming and cognitive jamming will become the development trend of electronic reconnaissance and jamming technology. For the urgent national demand for independent localization application, the localization development status of integrated equipment for electronic reconnaissance and jamming is studied. The new integrated equipment for electronic reconnaissance and jamming with 100% localization will become the development trend in the future. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Infrared Ship Target Detection Algorithm Based on Deep Transfer Learning WANG Yuexing, WU Yongguo, XU Chuangang Air & Space Defense    2021, 4 (4): 61-66.   Abstract （371）      PDF（pc） （3385KB）（366）       Knowledge map    Save Deep neural network training needs a large number of sample data, but for infrared ship targets, the sample size of infrared ship targets with different types and perspectives is small and difficult to collect, which makes it very difficult for deep learning training. In order to reduce the demand for real infrared ship target data in deep learning, a large number of simulated infrared ship images and a small number of real infrared ship images are used as samples for training. In order to solve the problem of cross domain adaptability between simulated infrared ship image and real infrared ship image, the feature adaptive method from coarse to fine is used to realize the cross domain target detection function. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has high detection accuracy for real infrared ship targets. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Adaptive Interference Waveform Design Based on Reinforcement Learning CHEN Tao, ZHANG Ying, HUANG Xiangsong Air & Space Defense    2021, 4 (2): 59-.   Abstract （364）      PDF（pc） （1980KB）（537）       Knowledge map    Save Aiming at the problem that the traditional jamming algorithm cannot adapt to the change of signal environment, the Q-learning algorithm and the hypothesis method of "cutting" are combined to apply to the design of jamming waveform, so that the jamming waveform can achieve the effect of adaptive radar signal length change. The algorithm is mainly aimed at jamming the radar detection link. Constant false Alarm rate (CFAR) is adopted as the environment interaction model, and the sampling time and forwarding time of intermittent sampling signals are adjusted adaptively through enhanced learning. On this basis, the radar signals of unknown length are processed by "cutting" to achieve the purpose of optimal interference. Finally, simulation is carried out to realize the jamming of unknown radar signal. The simulation results show that the reinforcement learning algorithm can make full use of the historical data when making decision under the condition of uncertain signal model, and can achieve better interference effect compared with the traditional algorithm. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）