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    Global Space Security Situation Analysis and Development Proposal
    CHEN Ying, WEI Guoning, TANG Shengyong, KANG Zhiyu
    Air & Space Defense    2021, 4 (3): 99-104.  
    Abstract1995)      PDF(pc) (5925KB)(2587)       Save
    As a new frontier of human activity, space is threatened by asteroid, space debris and military contest, and space security is closely related to the common interests of all mankind. Focusing on the topic of space security situation, a new definition of space security is proposed in this paper from the perspective of space domain and application scenario. In addition, considering both man-made threats and natural threats, current situation and near future development of space security is analyzed. And then, the main challenges of space security situation are discussed, such as asteroid defense, debris removal and outer space arms control. Lastly, four proposals about the big issue of global space security improvement are presented, from the point of view of diplomacy, law, technology, culture.
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    Review on the Development of Intelligence-based Distributed Cooperative Operational System
    TANG Shengjing, SHI Songwei, ZHANG Yao, ZHOU Liang
    Air & Space Defense    2019, 2 (1): 6-13.  
    Abstract1713)      PDF(pc) (7725KB)(1208)       Save
    Intelligence-based distributed cooperative operation (IBDCO) is characterized by high integration, self-organization, self-decision, and high cost effectiveness. Therefore, it will be a new type of warfare in the future with good performance. Based on the core thoughts of combat theory, the components of the system structure, and its outstanding features, the definition and concept of IBDCO are discussed in this paper. Some advanced projects of IBDCO system are introduced, and the development purposes and characteristics of these corresponding projects are emphatically summarized. Then, some crucial technologies which improve the development of IBDCO are analyzed in details, including situation awareness and cognition, information fusion and target tracking, distributed cooperative mission planning, and coordinated guidance law design. Finally, according to the analysis results of the related projects and achievements, some suggestions are proposed from the equipment design and its technical features of IBDCO system. The development trend of IBDCO system is introduced to provide useful reference for architecture design and tackling key problems of our army’s intelligent and cooperative operational systems.
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    Research Progress of Optical Aperture with Supersonic Film Cooling Under Hypersonic Flight Environment
    YI Shihe, DING Haolin
    Air & Space Defense    2021, 4 (4): 1-13.  
    Abstract1549)      PDF(pc) (8474KB)(1624)       Save
    Under hypersonic conditions, the existence of aero-optical effects seriously affects the accuracy of infrared imaging guidance, which has become one of the key technical problems in the development of a new generation of hypersonic precision strike weapons. It is necessary to study the optical aperture with supersonic film cooling suitable for hypersonic flight environment so as to solve the thermal protection and imaging problems of optical aperture under hypersonic flight conditions and break through the speed and temperature limitations of existing infrared imaging guidance weapons. Finally, it provides support for the realization of weapons' high-precision strike against air, ground, and sea under hypersonic conditions.
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    Analysis of Combat Concept of "Mosaic Warfare" and Countermeasures
    ZHAO Renxing, WANG Ling, FENG Mingyue, JIA Wentong
    Air & Space Defense    2021, 4 (3): 48-54.  
    Abstract1468)      PDF(pc) (3355KB)(2022)       Save
    The US military’s "Mosaic Warfare" combat concept from the perspectives of military strategy, combat theory, and battlefield application are summarized in this article. It has the characteristics of clear directionality, distinct inheritance, and outstanding innovation. It concludes that its combat concept and concept may be important to our combat system. Target protection, the seizure of electromagnetic power, and the suddenness of war have had an impact. On this basis, countermeasures and suggestions have been put forward in terms of combat theory, power building, equipment development, and application of tactics to deal with the challenges of the US military’s "Mosaic Warfare".
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    Analysis of Mosaic Warfare Concept and Key Technologies Based on OODA Loop
    GU Haobing, TIAN Shaohua, ZHOU Danfa, GE Luqin
    Air & Space Defense    2021, 4 (3): 65-69.  
    Abstract1270)      PDF(pc) (4108KB)(1912)       Save
    In the future, the combat environment will be unmanned, intelligent and systematic. The background of the concept of Mosaic War is introduced; the relationships with the theory of OODA loop and the idea of decision centric warfare are pointed out; the core idea of Mosaic War and its application at the operational level and system construction level are analyzed. The key technologies are summarized to support the intelligent operation of mosaic warfare troops in terms of network information share, command and control of communication, as well as intelligent and hybrid decision making. Considering the advantages of Mosaic War in concealment and flexibility, and the deficiencies in communication, command & control and logistics, in order to delay and block the OODA fast closed loop, the countermeasures are proposed from the aspects of electromagnetic spectrum confrontation, intelligent algorithm and group confrontation.
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    Research on the Progress of US Military Digital Transformation
    ZHANG Xue
    Air & Space Defense    2023, 6 (4): 12-16.  
    Abstract1269)      PDF(pc) (639KB)(3236)       Save
    Digital transformation is strategically required by military transformation. It’s critical to guarantee the reform of military concepts and plays an indispensable link in winning future wars using intelligent technology. To maintain the war advantage, the US military has been actively promoting its digital transformation during the transition of the fourth industrial revolution. This paper has studied the needs, development goals, significance, and implementation approaches of the digital transformation of the current US Army. Then, specific strategies to promote the digital transformation of China’s military were proposed by establishing standards and specifications, building data models, and personnel digital literacy.
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    Researchon Operational Decision Support Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning
    Zhou Lai, Jin Xiaowei, Zheng Yikai
    Air & Space Defense    2018, 1 (1): 31-35.  
    Abstract1184)      PDF(pc) (2570KB)(1048)       Save
    Faced with the rapidly changing battlefield situation, how to make effective use of intelligent technology to achieve computer-aided decision has become a bottleneck restricting the development of command and control technology. Through the in-depth analysis of the combat decision-making process, it is transformed into an issue of multi-step sequential decision-making. Then the deep learning method is used to extract the characteristic vectors including the commander’s mood, behavior and the decision-making state in the tactics evolution process. The reinforcement learning method is used to search in the action space of decision state and evaluate the decision state until obtaining an optimal action sequence decision, to gain the advantage at the game of machine versus human in the future battlefield.
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    Preliminary Study on a Deep Learning 3D Reconstruction Simulation Method Based on Infrared Image Sequence
    CHEN Jichi, WEI Guohua, GUO Conglong, ZHANG Lihe
    Air & Space Defense    2020, 3 (4): 21-29.  
    Abstract1167)      PDF(pc) (10295KB)(328)       Save
    The paper proposes a 3D reconstruction simulation method based on infrared image sequence.The method combined with traditional multi-view spatial 3D information recovery and deep learning network, which is specifically divided into two parts: the raw point cloud generation, and point cloud completion. In the first part, the incomplete raw point cloud is generated based on the traditional passive multi-view 3D reconstruction method by inputting the pre-processed infrared image sequence. In the second part, the incomplete point cloud is passed through a joint network structure, performing point cloud completion to a 3D reconstruction. Experiments show that this method can effectively realize the point cloud generation of the infrared image sequence and can effectively restore the missing part of the point cloud. Compared with the existing point cloud completion methods, the test results of some categories performed better in EMD (Earth Mover's Distance) index. With the increase of training data and optimization of training methods, it shows a potential to complete the 3D reconstruction task of infrared image sequences with high quality.
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    Improved RRT Path Planning Algorithm Based on Deep Q-network
    LI Zhaoying, OU Yiming, SHI Ruoling
    Air & Space Defense    2021, 4 (3): 17-23.  
    Abstract1035)      PDF(pc) (1691KB)(1218)       Save
    Aiming at the problems of large randomness and low search efficiency of rapid exploring random tree (RRT) path planning algorithm, combined with the characteristics that reinforcement learning can select strategies according to prior knowledge, an improved RRT optimization algorithm based on deep Q-network (DQN) is proposed. Firstly, the obstacle avoidance strategy with variable step in complex domain is designed, and the Markov decision process (MDP) model of random tree growth in RRT algorithm is established. Then, the obstacle avoidance strategy and MDP model are connected to the interface of RRT-Connect algorithm, and the specific process of training and path planning is designed. Finally, the simulation experiment is carried out on the MATLAB software platform. The simulation results show that the improved RRT-Connect algorithm based on deep Q-network (DQN-RRT-C) has a significant improvement in rapidity and search efficiency.
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    Neural Network Based Air Defense Weapon Target Intelligent Assignment Method
    LONG Teng, LIU Zhenyu, SHI Renhe, WANG Shengyin
    Air & Space Defense    2021, 4 (1): 1-7.  
    Abstract995)      PDF(pc) (1317KB)(1290)       Save

    To address the challenge of the real-time weapon target intelligent assignment in modern high dynamic air defense operation, a neural network based air defense weapon target intelligent assignment method is proposed in this paper. An optimization model for weapon target assignment is first established considering the number of weapons and interception capability in order to optimize the damage efficiency. A neural network based weapon target intelligent assignment framework is then developed, where a neural network is constructed based on the existed training sample set and employed to assign the weapons to the targets effectively and efficiently. The comparison results illustrate that the neural network based air defense weapon target assignment method can obtain better weapon target assignment solution compared with the conventional discrete differential evolution based assignment method. Moreover, the computational cost of the proposed method can be reduced by 99. 9%, which demonstrates the effectiveness and practicability of the research work.

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    Review of Equipment Effectiveness Evaluation and Supporting Technologies
    SU Hongjia, LUO Yucheng, LIU Fei
    Air & Space Defense    2023, 6 (3): 29-38.  
    Abstract948)      PDF(pc) (619KB)(2744)       Save
    Operational effectiveness evaluation has been widely used in various weapon and equipment validation studies to assess the capability of specific operational mission objectives. This paper has provided a summarized analysis of the current problems and challenges. Then, it reviewed three categories of equipment system operational effectiveness evaluation methods: multi-attribute decision-making, complex networks, and machine learning algorithms. The research status of the above approaches was analyzed. In addition, this paper has summarized the supporting technologies for equipment system operational effectiveness evaluation, respectively, indicator reduction and optimization. Finally, according to the current research progress, expected research directions for future evaluation are proposed.
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    Confrontation Environment and Combat Mode of Future Air Combat
    ZHANG Manman, JIANG Yi, YANG Changzhi, LEI Jing
    Air & Space Defense    2021, 4 (3): 105-109.  
    Abstract933)      PDF(pc) (4584KB)(1935)       Save
    With the constant change of the concept of combat and the role of technology promotion, the rapid development and extensive application of new and high technologies with aerospace technology, new concept weapons, artificial intelligence, and information network as the core in the military field have brought about historic changes in the form of air combat, the mode of combat and the confrontation environment.With the continuous improvement of adversary air combat capability, the continuous change of combat environment and the development of new aircraft platform, higher requirements are put forward for the development of new airborne weapons. Therefore, starting from the air combat development system, combined with the concept of air combat and equipment development trends of the United States and other military powers, this paper combs the characteristics of the future air combat confrontation environment and its combat mode, and makes research judgment and suggestions on the future air combat concept, so as to provide reference for the future air combat mode research and new airborne weapon research in China.
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    Adversarial Attack Technology for Vision-Based Aircraft Intelligent Object Detection
    JIANG Xinghao, ZHAO Zheyu, XU Ke
    Air & Space Defense    2021, 4 (1): 8-13.  
    Abstract923)      PDF(pc) (5500KB)(1148)       Save
    With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and computer vision, using intelligent object detection technology to identify the aircraft and UAV has become a common military defense means. Aiming at the feasibility of confusing and deceiving the object detection model based on deep learning network from the digital image level, and materializing the digital attack results in the future, this paper proposes a limited area adversarial attack method for vision-based aircraft intelligent object detection. The digital image of aircraft is used to simulate the adversarial attack of YOLO v3 object detection network. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the experiments on the aircraft categories in PASCAL_VOC_2007 dataset.  The work of this paper provides the basis for further research on whether the digital analog attack can be transferred to the aircraft entity.
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    Analysis of Development of US MALD and Coping Strategies
    YIN Hang, GUO Su, WEN Chaoran, YANG Chuang, BI Peng
    Air & Space Defense    2019, 2 (3): 84-.  
    Abstract902)      PDF(pc) (6735KB)(613)       Save
    The miniature air launched decoy (MALD) is an important component of the systemic confrontation of US army. It can increase the effectiveness of weapons. The US army conducts the load modularization design based on the MALD platform, and the function of MALD is more than a weapon but a composite of decoying, interfering, scouting, locating and attacking. This paper introduces the development and needs of US MALD, makes an analysis of its threat, typical operational scenario and possible combat modes of MALD, and sums up the key technologies involved. Finally, some coping strategies are presented.
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    Urban Target Detection Algorithm Based on Multi-Modal Fusion of UAV
    WANG Jianyuan, CHEN Xiaotong, ZHANG Yue, SUN Junge, SHI Donghao, CHEN Jinbao
    Air & Space Defense    2024, 7 (1): 32-39.  
    Abstract902)      PDF(pc) (1812KB)(3113)       Save
    Using small drones to detect urban targets such as vehicles at low altitudes in cities has gradually become a mainstream means. Given the existing problems of low detection accuracy of single-mode detection networks affected by visible light detection, inability to work at night and the blurred edge of infrared detection targets in actual scenes, this paper has proposed a multi-modal UAV detection algorithm based on image fusion and deep learning network. Firstly, based on the DUT-VTUAV visible-infrared registration data set and TIF image fusion algorithm, a multi-mode fusion data set was built up. Secondly, by comparing the detection accuracy, speed and several parameters of the existing YOLO series network, the lightweight network YOLO v5n which was most suitable for the mobile deployment of UAVs was decided. Finally, a multi-modal fusion detection algorithm was produced by combining an image fusion algorithm and a target detection model. Comparative experiments on vehicle data sets successfully show that compared with single-mode detection, the detection accuracy of the proposed algorithm is effectively increased, with mAP up to 99.6%, and a set of visible-infrared image fusion detection can be completed within 0.3s, indicating the high real-time performance.
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    UAV Cluster Path Planning Based on Pseudo-spectral Method
    LI Zheng, CHEN Jianwei, PENG Bo
    Air & Space Defense    2021, 4 (1): 52-59.  
    Abstract900)      PDF(pc) (2083KB)(748)       Save
    针对多无人机协同飞行情况下的路径规划问题,为了解决传统路径规划算法搜索效率低、难以处理复杂约束的缺点,提出了一种基于Radau伪谱法的无人机集群路径规划方法。首先,建立了无人机的动力学模型,考虑了集群飞行过程中的约束条件,将其转化为非线性约束;然后,确定了路径规划的性能指标,建立了无人机集群路径规划的最优控制模型;最后,使用Radau伪谱法求解最优控制问题,并分别进行了无人机集群集结任务仿真和编队飞行任务仿真。仿真结果表明,基于Radau伪谱法的无人机集群路径规划算法可以得到满足状态约束、路径约束和控制约束的飞行轨迹,符合多架无人机协同飞行的需求,具有较强的实用价值。
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    Design and Simulation of THAAD Missile Defence Trajectory
    YONG Enmi, ZHAO Liangyu, ZHAO Tun
    Air & Space Defense    2020, 3 (2): 65-71.  
    Abstract886)      PDF(pc) (8658KB)(364)       Save
    On the background of THAAD (Terminal High Altitude Area Defence) missile defence campaign, the defence capability and trajectory simulation of THAAD missile are investigated. Firstly, the THAAD missile’s operational process, the tactical performance, configuration parameters and thrust parameters are presented. The aerodynamic coefficients of the missile are acquired by the Missile DATCOM software. Then, the defence trajectory of a THAAD missile is designed, and the predicted impact point is estimated according to the motion characteristics of the incoming missile. According the predicted impact point, the launch data, flight program angle and launch time of the interceptor missile are calculated. Finally, THAAD interception trajectory against a medium-range ballistic missile is simulated by taking the THAAD deployed in South Korea as an example.
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    Development of Air and Missile Defense System Based on the Space-ground Integration Information Network
    Meng Guang, Kong Xiaojun
    Air & Space Defense    2018, 1 (1): 1-7.  
    Abstract879)      PDF(pc) (5479KB)(1347)       Save
    With the rise of comprehensive national strength and the expansion of national interest, our country is facing the growing security threats, especially the aerospace threats.(onsidering the current status and development of foreign air and missile defense systems, a development plan of air and missile defense system most suitable for our country is proposed to accelerate the set up of weapon system by combining the capability and power of military area with that of space area.
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    An Algorithm for Trajectory Generation and Prediction of Hypersonic Vehicle Based on Transformer Architecture
    DI Ziqi, WANG Xiangyu, WU Shuang, ZHOU Yu
    Air & Space Defense    2023, 6 (4): 35-41.  
    Abstract878)      PDF(pc) (1791KB)(985)       Save
    With the increasing attack level of hypersonic vehicles, how to accurately predict their trajectory has become critical to defense research. This article has proposed a trajectory prediction model based on parameter estimation, which combines with the Transformer deep learning model. First, this paper developed a control parameter model that affects aerodynamic vehicle maneuvers and summarized the parameters’ controlling rules under different maneuver modes. Secondly, this paper established a trajectory control parameter prediction model based on Transformer architecture and designed a neural network loss function that can balance the optimal control parameters with the physical trajectory. Finally, this article simulated trajectory data for multiple different manoeuvring modes and analyzed the changes in control parameters and trajectory data using the trajectory prediction model. This article has then obtained test results by inputting test trajectory data into the trained model. The results show that the trajectory prediction model proposed in this article performs precise prediction of hypersonic vehicle trajectories under different manoeuvring modes.
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    Review of Autonomous Decision-Making and Planning Techniques for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
    CHENG Haoyu, ZHANG Shuo, LIU Tailai, XU Shengli, HUANG Hanqiao
    Air & Space Defense    2024, 7 (1): 6-15.  
    Abstract853)      PDF(pc) (994KB)(3928)       Save
    Facing the future with a highly dynamic, strong confrontation and rejection combat environment, intelligence level has become the core factor restricting the UAV mission/environment adaptability and combat effectiveness. Focusing on autonomous decision-making and planning technology, which is a difficult, rapidly updated and broad application prospect, the main research achievements and future development direction of autonomous decision-making and planning technology were reviewed. Firstly, the necessity of autonomous decision-making and planning technology research was elaborated based on the development and current situation of unmanned aerial vehicles. Secondly, this study summarized and analyzed the current research results of autonomous decision-making and planning technology. Finally, the development direction of autonomous decision-making and planning technology of UAVs was prospected.
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Sponsor
Chinese Association for Physiological Sciences Academy of Military Medical Sciences Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine
Associate Sponsor
Institute of Basic Medical Sciences
Editor in Chief
WANG Hai
Edited and Published by
Editorial Board,Chinese Journal of Applide Physiology;Dali Dao,Tinanjin 300050,China



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