Abstract: There was an incident arising from translation in Taiwan in 1968: a writer named Bo Yang was imprisoned simply because of the wording in his translation of the comic Popeye. This paper analyzes the reason of his imprisonment by applying Lefevere's translation theory and further discusses the relationship between translation and ideology. Through the analysis of the case of the “Popeye Incident”, we may see that, although translation is inseparable from certain ideology at certain historical period, we should not simply apply translation theory mechanically; instead we should take as many factors as possible into consideration and thus we may do justice to the translations as well as the translators.