诊断学理论与实践 ›› 2020, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (05): 454-459.doi: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2020.05.003
中国高血压联盟
收稿日期:
2020-07-20
出版日期:
2020-10-25
发布日期:
2022-07-14
Received:
2020-07-20
Online:
2020-10-25
Published:
2022-07-14
中图分类号:
中国高血压联盟. 高血压患者原发性醛固酮增多症筛查诊治流程[J]. 诊断学理论与实践, 2020, 19(05): 454-459.
表1
影响血浆醛固酮和肾素检测的药物及相应的停药时间
药物类别 | 药物名称 | 筛查前停药时间(周) |
---|---|---|
利尿剂 | 螺内酯、依普利酮等醛固酮受体拮抗剂,阿米洛利、氨苯蝶啶等保钾利尿剂, 氢氯噻嗪、吲达帕胺、呋塞米、托拉塞米等排钾利尿剂 | 4 |
甘草及其提取物 | 天晴甘美、甘草口服液 | 4 |
血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂 | 卡托普利、依那普利、贝那普利、培哚普利、赖诺普利等 | 2 |
血管紧张素受体拮抗剂 | 氯沙坦、缬沙坦、厄贝沙坦、替米沙坦、坎地沙坦、奥美沙坦、阿利沙坦等 | 2 |
二氢吡啶类钙通道阻滞剂 | 硝苯地平、氨氯地平、非洛地平等 | 2 |
肾上腺素β受体阻滞剂 | 美托洛尔、比索洛尔、阿替洛尔、阿罗洛尔等 | 2 |
中枢α2受体激动剂 | 可乐定、甲基多巴等 | 2 |
非甾体抗炎药 | 吲哚美辛、双氯芬酸、布洛芬等 | 2 |
表3
原醛常用的确诊试验
试验名称 | 试验方法 | 结果判断 |
---|---|---|
静脉生理盐水滴注试验 | 试验前,卧床休息1 h,4 h内静脉滴注生理盐水2 L。通常试验在 早上8点至9点间开始,整个过程中监测血压和心率变化。输注前及输注后,分别采集血液标本,检测血浆肾素活性或浓度及醛固酮、皮质醇以及血清钾水平 | 试验后,血浆醛固酮>100 ng/L时,确诊为原醛;<50 ng/L,排除原醛 |
卡托普利试验 | 坐位或立位1 h后,口服50 mg卡托普利,服药之前以及服药后1 h、2 h,分别测定血浆肾素活性或浓度及醛固酮、皮质醇水平,试验期间患者始终保持坐位 | 正常人,卡托普利抑制试验后,血浆醛固酮浓度下降大于30%,而原醛患者,血醛固酮不受抑制 |
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