内科理论与实践 ›› 2023, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (05): 322-327.doi: 10.16138/j.1673-6087.2023.05.003
收稿日期:
2023-02-21
出版日期:
2023-10-30
发布日期:
2024-01-25
通讯作者:
刘书馨
E-mail:root8848@sina.com
基金资助:
ZHANG Yu, WANG Zhihong, DONG Cui, KUAI Tingting, YOU Lianlian, LIU Shuxin()
Received:
2023-02-21
Online:
2023-10-30
Published:
2024-01-25
Contact:
LIU Shuxin
E-mail:root8848@sina.com
摘要: 目的 观察应用普通含钙透析液分段局部枸橼酸抗凝(regional citrate anticoagulation,RCA)的安全性、有效性。与无肝素透析比较在高危出血患者中凝血情况、治疗时间的差异。方法 选取大连市中心医院2019年1月至2021年12月有高危出血风险的维持性血液透析患者35例,其中男性19例,女性16例。分别予以无肝素透析和4%枸橼酸钠局部抗凝治疗,枸橼酸应用输液泵分别自管路动脉端和静脉壶处持续泵入。比较RCA应用前后患者血离子情况、血压变化和出凝血时间影响。比较2种方法凝血情况、透析时间的差异。结果 枸橼酸组患者通过在线调整透析机参数,透析后血钠可以维持平稳(P>0.05)。应用含钙透析液(1.5 mmol/L),无低钙血症发生,透析后血钙较透析前升高(P<0.05)。枸橼酸组患者透析前后血压、心率平稳,无明显变化(P>0.05),随着透析时间延长,静脉压、跨膜压有所升高(P<0.05)。RCA治疗后患者活化部分凝血活酶时间(activated partial thromboplastin time,APTT)较透析前延长(P<0.05),余出凝血时间较透析前差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。枸橼酸组透析器及静脉壶抗凝有效性明显高于无肝素组(P<0.05),超滤量高于无肝素组(P<0.05),实际透析时间长于无肝素组(P<0.001),尿素清除指数(Kt/V)高于无肝素组(P<0.001)。结论 普通含钙透析液RCA应用于高危出血风险透析患者安全、有效。抗凝效果好,优于无肝素透析。
中图分类号:
张瑜, 王志宏, 董毳, 郐婷婷, 由莲莲, 刘书馨. 普通含钙透析液分段枸橼酸抗凝与无肝素透析在高危出血透析患者中的应用[J]. 内科理论与实践, 2023, 18(05): 322-327.
ZHANG Yu, WANG Zhihong, DONG Cui, KUAI Tingting, YOU Lianlian, LIU Shuxin. Comparison of ordinary calcium-containing dialysate segmented regional citrate anticoagulation hemodialysis and heparin-free hemodialysis in patients with high risk of bleeding[J]. Journal of Internal Medicine Concepts & Practice, 2023, 18(05): 322-327.
表1
枸橼酸抗凝透析前后血气分析和电解质($\bar{x}±s$,均n=35)
项目 | 透析前 | 透析2 h | 透析后 | F | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
pH | 7.39±0.05 | 7.44±0.05 | 7.46±0.06 | 59.692 | <0.01 |
BE(mmol/L) | -3.09±3.19 | -0.62±2.40 | 0.64±2.33 | 42.568 | <0.01 |
HCO3-(mmol/L) | 21.87±2.62 | 23.71±1.90 | 24.46±1.87 | 33.059 | <0.01 |
血钠(mmol/L) | 136.89±4.52 | 136.34±2.35 | 135.89±1.78 | 2.381 | 0.125 |
血钾(mmol/L) | 4.08±0.61 | 3.56±0.38 | 3.49±0.32 | 26.253 | <0.01 |
离子钙(mmol/L) | 1.12±0.11 | 1.14±0.08 | 1.16±0.08 | 5.775 | 0.017 |
表2
RCA透析治疗参数变化($\bar{x}±s$,均n=35)
项目 | 透析前 | 透析2 h | 透析结束 | F | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
收缩压(mmHg) | 156.46±19.97 | 153.29±19.85 | 155.83±20.61 | 1.236 | 0.297 |
舒张压(mmHg) | 83.80±12.73 | 81.43±10.45 | 86.23±13.18 | 2.652 | 0.095 |
心率(次/min) | 79.37±11.17 | 78.60±10.38 | 78.63±9.65 | 0.428 | 0.654 |
静脉压(mmHg) | 101.83±29.10 | 107.34±23.56 | 118.51±38.731) | 5.403 | 0.018 |
跨膜压(mmHg) | 84.26±26.30 | 90.51±30.601) | 90.66±34.791) | 3.999 | 0.034 |
表4
2组透析情况比较(n/$\bar{x}±s$,均n=35)
项目 | 无肝素组 | 枸橼酸组 | t/χ2 | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
透析器 | ||||
0~Ⅰ级 | 20 | 29 | ||
Ⅱ级 | 8 | 5 | ||
Ⅲ级 | 7 | 1 | ||
有效率(%) | 80.0 | 97.1 | 0.027* | |
静脉壶 | ||||
0~Ⅰ级 | 12 | 27 | ||
Ⅱ级 | 12 | 7 | ||
Ⅲ级 | 11 | 1 | ||
有效率(%) | 68.6 | 97.1 | 10.057 | 0.002 |
平均超滤率 | 745.17±231.14 | 641.91±183.59 | -2.002 | 0.053 |
超滤量(L) | 1.86±0.65 | 2.40±0.80 | 2.825 | 0.008 |
透析时间(min) | 146.91±34.83 | 226.00±23.85 | 11.051 | <0.001 |
Kt/V | 1.13±0.16 | 1.31±0.19 | 7.987 | <0.001 |
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