人类呼吸道微生物组及检测技术进展

doi:10.16138/j.1673-6087.2024.01.07

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

人类呼吸道微生物组在健康和疾病状态下具有巨大的多样性和异质性，快速准确的微生物检测是区分呼吸道感染和非感染的关键。近年来，以宏基因组技术为代表的新型检测技术在病原诊断领域迅速发展，在提高病原微生物检出率的同时，也在分析人类宿主反应以及预测耐药性方面有了很大突破。本文阐述分子技术在呼吸道微生物组中的研究进展和成果，启发读者今后对新技术开发和临床转化进行思考，旨在探索基于呼吸道微生物组对呼吸道疾病的治疗策略。

关键词: 呼吸道, 微生物组, 宏基因组二代测序

Abstract:

Human respiratory microbiome has great diversity and heterogeneity in healthy and diseased states, rapid and accurate microbial detection is the key to distinguish respiratory tract infection from non-infection. In recent years, new detection technologies represented by metagenomic technology have developed rapidly in the field of pathogen diagnosis, which improves the detection rate of pathogenic microorganisms, and also makes great breakthroughs in analyzing human host reaction and predicting drug resistance. This article reviews the research progress and achievements of molecular technology in the respiratory microbiome, inspiring readers to think about the development and clinical transformation of new technologies in the future, aiming to explore therapeutic strategies for respiratory diseases based on the respiratory microbiome.

Key words: Respiratory tract, Microbiome, Metagenomic next-generation sequencing

中图分类号:

R446.5

吴文娟, 田文杰. 人类呼吸道微生物组及检测技术进展[J]. 内科理论与实践, 2024, 19(01): 37-42.

WU Wenjuan, TIAN Wenjie. Advances in human respiratory microbiome and detection techniques[J]. Journal of Internal Medicine Concepts & Practice, 2024, 19(01): 37-42.

图/表 1

参考文献 31

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检测方法	优点	缺点
培养	“金标准” 特异性高成本低	时效性差敏感性差
涂片	快速直观成本低	敏感性低，依赖于检测人员经验
免疫学检测	特异性强	敏感性低易漏检存在窗口期
PCR	简单快速价格便宜	需推测病原体类型仅扩增基因组的小部分
多重PCR	快速可同时检测多种微生物	定量困难特异性差
mNGS	无需预判微生物无主观偏倚适用于新发、突发病原体可检测全基因组	受宿主核酸影响较大昂贵耗时长易受环境微生物影响