With modern warfare's evolution and the operational environment's complexity, missile weapon systems are facing unprecedented technical challenges. This paper reviewed the application of intelligent control technologies in missile guidance systems. It analysed the limitations of traditional control methods when dealing with complex systems that were nonlinear, time-variant, multivariable, and subject to environmental disturbances. How intelligent control theories provide new solutions, such as fuzzy control, neural networks, and genetic algorithms, was discussed. Intelligent control technologies demonstrated adaptability and robustness by mimicking human cognitive processes and decision-making logic, and they automatically adjusted control parameters to adapt to the changing flight environment and mission requirements. Furthermore, it discussed the application of intelligent control technologies in missile guidance and navigation and pointed out current research hotspots, methods, and achievements. At the same time, it analysed the challenges intelligent control technologies faced in missile guidance system applications, including data dependency, interpretability issues, and technical bottlenecks. Finally, it proposed the future development direction of intelligent control technologies in missile control, including technology integration and optimisation,the enhancement of multi-missile cooperative combat capabilities, and the strengthening of human-machine interaction and decision support.

Simulation technology provides theoretical methods, verification means, and test platforms for the design, analysis, validation, and evaluation of precision-guided weapons. It has also played a key role in the life cycle of precision-guided weapons. With the further research and application of intelligent technology in target recognition and anti-jamming, environmental perception, autonomous decision-making, and multi-agent coordination for precision-guided armaments, traditional simulation methods struggle to effectively validate and evaluate intelligent simulation objects in future complex combat situations. Integrating "intelligence" into the simulation of precision-guided weapons and researching innovative "intelligent" simulation methods is the trend in developing simulation technology for precision-guided weapons. This paper focused on the intelligent development of precision-guided weapons and requirements for intelligent simulation technology from two dimensions: " simulation for intelligent system " and " intelligence for simulation ", were analysed. The status and challenges of intelligent simulation technology were reviewed. It proposed four key development directions for the future: adversarial intelligent game behaviour modelling, intelligent modelling of complex battle scenarios, simulation platform system and simulation environment construction, and the intelligence level and performance evaluation of precision-guided weapons.

This paper analysed the strength-building and technological development trends of the United States, Russia and other military powers in air defence and anti-missile in 2024. It focused on analysing the layout of backbone equipment, system capability upgrading, systems integration verification, and practical confrontations in air defence and anti-missile systems in various countries. The main development trends in air defence and anti-missile in foreign countries were summarised, and relevant enlightenment and suggestions were proposed, providing a reference for the improvement of the combat capabilities of China's future air and space defence systems.

The current form of aerospace threats presents new characteristics and trends such as "aerospace integration, cross-domain fusion, multi-dimensional linkage, and system combat", significantly threatening traditional air defence operation. To avoid unilateral suppression by potential threats, countries are focused on key areas, including information processing, interconnection operation, and module upgrades in researching and constructing air and missile defense equipment and combat systems. This paper started with the construction requirements of the US Army's air and missile defense and studied the construction ideas of the integrated air and missile defense system; taking the US Army's integrated air and missile defense system as a case study, it elaborated on the overall architecture, construction process, and capability enhancement of the integrated air and missile defense system, and analysed the system capabilities and typical combat modes; and provided inspirations and suggestions for the integrated construction of air and missile defense systems from the dimensions of planning guidance, cross-border integration, interconnection and coordination, and flexible command and control.

The current aerospace combat environment is becoming increasingly complex, and air strike weapons and equipment are characterised by remote, high-speed, precise, unmanned, stealth, intelligent, and low-cost capabilities. In response to the challenges posed by aerospace threats, defense combat missions have expand from defending traditional combat aircraft to defending against precision strike weapons, including ballistic missiles and cruise missiles, and further develop in terms of combat domains and target types. Faced with the constantly evolving aerospace threats, aerospace defense weapons will inevitably develop towards a systematic direction of intelligence, autonomy, integration, and collaboration. The discussion was based on the aerospace defense combat system, a topic in the development demonstration of equipment systems. Scientifically and reasonably demonstrating the system is critical for optimising the combat system, benefiting the system's deployment, and enhancing the system's combat effectiveness. By analysing and discussing the essential attributes, composition, and combat capabilities of the aerospace defense combat system, as well as its position, role, and development direction, a discourse on the development trend of the aerospace defense combat system was proposed in this paper.

This paper proposed a covariance analysis describing function technique (CADET) using unscented transform for hypersonic vehicle attitude control system rapid assessment statistical performance problem. The traditional CADET method suffers from complex solving processes and complicated programming when solving the description function of nonlinear functions. In this study, the nonlinear function was linearised by weighted sampling and the least square method during the statistical linearization. The proposed method analysed the propagation law of the state mean and covariance of the stochastic nonlinear system. Based on the mathematical model of the hypersonic vehicle longitudinal attitude motion, the statistical performance of the hypersonic vehicle attitude motion with external disturbance was calculated by the CADET method using the Unscented Transform. The validity and correctness of the proposed CADET method were verified and compared with the Monte Carlo simulation results.

The air defence missile with a command guidance system is affected by the radar tracking error and the manoeuvring uncertainty of the incoming target. It is challenging to obtain high-precision guidance information to achieve high hit accuracy. To resolve this problem, this paper proposed a guidance information extraction algorithm using radar relative measurement. Firstly, the relative measurement error model of radar was established using the mechanism of strong correlation and small relative error between radar and target and missile measurement information system under the relative measurement system. Secondly, according to the difference in target, missile motion characteristics and measurement information, the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) method was adopted to construct the target information filtering algorithm based on the "current statistical model" and the missile motion information estimation method based on the inertial measurement information. The launch coordinate system obtained the target and the missile's position, velocity, and other motion information. Finally, the estimated information was used to reconstruct the angular rate information of the missile-eye line of sight. The simulation results show that this method can effectively reduce the influence of radar measurement error and target manoeuvre on the extraction of line-of-sight angular rate and can precisely extract guidance information.

A multi-missile cooperative passive localisation algorithm was proposed to address air manoeuvring targets' localisation and tracking problem based on the interacting multiple models and square root cubature Kalman filter (IMM-SRCKF). First, the movement of the manoeuvring target was analysed, and its equations were determined. Then, the state-space model of the multi-missile cooperative scenario was established, and the passive localisation algorithm was designed as follows. The square root cubature Kalman filter was used to improve the localisation accuracy of the algorithm and keep the covariance matrix positively characterised. The interacting multiple model algorithm resolved the filter divergence problem caused by the target model mismatch. The simulation results show that the IMM-SRCKF algorithm can effectively utilise the measurements of various missiles to accomplish cooperative passive localisation of manoeuvring targets with good positioning accuracy and robustness.

To resolve the problem of cooperative trajectory planning of multi-near space vehicles in the glide phase, a sequential convex programming (SCP) under a decoupled framework was designed to enhance efficiency. Firstly, discretisation and linearisation methods formulated the convex optimisation model for cooperative trajectory planning. The original complicated problem was decoupled by decomposing design variables and decoupling coupled constraints to reduce the model's dimensions. Then, a trust-region shrinking strategy was introduced, accelerating the convergence of SCP. Numerical simulation results show that the proposed decoupled SCP can acquire the cooperative glide trajectories satisfying the constraints, and the computational efficiency is higher than the coupled SCP.

Since airway planning can significantly improve the battlefield survivability of aircraft, this paper investigated 3D route planning. The existing 3D route planning uses a heuristic sparse A-Star (SAS) method. This method uses the radar threat as an inequality constraint in the problem model, which guarantees that the planned route satisfies the radar threat constraint but fails to be the optimal route that minimises the radar threat. To resolve this problem, this paper proposed an improved SAS algorithm, integrating the radar threat into the heuristic function and enhancing the radar threat into the probability of the vehicle being intercepted, ensuring that the planned route is the optimal route that minimises the radar threat and improves the vehicle's survivability of breaking out of defence. Simulation shows that compared with the existing methods,(1) the probability of interception of the proposed routes decreases by about 20%, and (2) the proposed routes are significantly shorter.

This paper proposed a signal processing module architecture method using General-Purpose Computing on Graphics Processing Units（GP-GPU） parallel acceleration technology to address the current issues of low modelling simulation efficiency and weak real-time performance of active guidance head signal levels. Using CUDA programming, the architecture and interface design for the overall signal processing module and its submodules were constructed with GPU acceleration. The constructed parallel module architecture was then simulated, and the time taken against the fully CPU-based state was compared to verify the reliability and acceleration performance of the architecture. The simulation results show a 12.67-fold improvement over the original processing method, providing preliminary validation of the feasibility and acceleration efficiency of the constructed architecture.

Resin-based ablation material is an essential part of the thermal protection system of hypersonic aircraft. Based on the Arrhenius and Fourier thermal conduction equations, a new one-dimensional thermal response model was constructed on the structure of the Carbonifer-pyrolysis layer and the original material layer. The thermal response process based on the material ablation process was systematically studied, and the model's accuracy was verified by comparing it with mature cases. Based on the established model, the parameter sensitivity analysis was carried out on the reaction parameters’ activation energy and pyrolysis enthalpy change. It was found that reducing the activation energy and increasing the generation rate of pyrolysis gas can take away more heat inside the material. Besides, the increased pyrolysis enthalpy will especially significantly impact the material area near the back where the pyrolysis gas flows less, causing the back temperature to rise instead of falling. The balance between activation energy and pyrolysis enthalpy should be considered when optimising ablative thermal protection materials from the point of view of pyrolysis kinetics. In addition, the kinetic data obtained by thermogravimetric（TG） experiments and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were consistent in the materials' thermal response, revealing the model's broad applicability. This paper provides a theoretical basis for the rational development of ablative materials across scales, from molecular structure to surface thermal response.

To explore the effects of parasitic parameters in the power driving circuit on the SiC MOSFET high-speed switch characteristics, this paper systematically studied the material properties of SiC MOSFET and the dynamic characteristics in the transient behaviour of switching. The influence of various parasitic element parameters on the switching process was analysed. The theoretical model of SiC MOSFET in the turn-on and turn-off process was established, and a double-pulse simulation platform was developed. A virtual simulation environment consistent with the physical parameters was constructed, and the test curves of SiC MOSFET under different gate-source capacitances and gate resistance were acquired through simulation and experiment. Finally, the simulation results were compared with the test results, where the effects of gate resistance and gate-source capacitance parameters on SiC MOSFET switch characteristics were verified. In the meantime, the accuracy and precision of the simulation model were also checked.

In military conflicts, violent terrorist attacks and other operations that have happened in recent years, miniature UAVs and drone swarms have become an offensive threat that cannot be ignored. This paper focused on the operational characteristics of key-point defence against UAV swarm target raids in critical cities and studied the key issues directed to the defence systems' firepower allocation, equipment deployment, and coordination strategy. An extensive sample simulation verification was conducted based on the mission-level simulation model. The results show that the dual-loop deployment system generally has a slightly higher overall interception rate, cost-effectiveness ratio, and defence success rate than single-loop deployment. This paper provides methods and countermeasures for confronting small-scale swarm raids.

The traditional manual interpretation methods for star sensor imaging images are ineffective and limit manual interpretation of product quality information, which can lead to low reliability, usability, and recognition efficiency. Based on the structural principle of star sensors, this paper employed threshold denoising for star images. It constructed a product quality feature model using the grayscale distribution characteristics of multiple denoised star maps. Combined with the principle of optical aberration imaging, this model established a product quality classification model to satisfy the intelligent classification requirements for product assembly quality, interpreting product quality information as more reliable, operable, and usable, effectively reducing production costs and time.

For the digital design of complex spacecraft equipment systems, digital thread technology is mainly used to design and develop a requirements model, which is based on the top-level operational conceptual scenario and item requirements design, and an architecture model, which is based on SysML for sequence diagram and state machine diagram design, in complex spacecraft equipment domains. By using digital thread technology, this paper proposed some ideas and methods, such as the collaborative design of the requirements model and architecture model using requirements tracing technology and consistency analysis methods between requirement and architecture model using formal checking and automatic test case generation. At last, this study implemented consistency analysis and verification for the requirements and architecture models in the digital thread.

Wideband communication satellites have been widely commercialised, and the security risks are becoming increasingly severe. As a new means of network security defence, situational awareness has a broad application prospect. To this end, the concept and function of situational awareness were introduced. The risks broadband communication satellite networks face were studied, and situational awareness security technologies using artificial intelligence and big data were proposed. The technical feasibility was analysed to provide a basis for promoting the development of wideband communication satellite situational awareness of aerospace defence.

The Internet of Things (IoT) demands high efficiency, reliability, and low power consumption for wide-area communication. Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) technology was invented, allowing widespread distributed device connectivity through optimised network upgrades and cost reductions. The Reliable User Datagram Protocol (RUDP) is an enhancement of traditional UDP, enabling low latency communication and reliable assurance, with its KCP protocol widely adopted due to its lightweight and flexibility. To meet the transmission requirements of narrowband IoT in complex distributed scenarios, this paper optimised the KCP protocol transmission logic and designed publish-subscribe and request-response modes to satisfy application layer requirements. It introduced heartbeat detection and election mechanisms to enhance system stability and fault tolerance.

Traditional space acquisition focuses on maximising performance with low risk, long cycle, and high cost, which cannot adapt to the U.S. Space Force (USSF) situation, which is to “deliver new capabilities at operationally relevant speeds.” To respond to this challenge, the USSF is pursuing rapid acquisition strategies to increase the speed and efficiency with which these programs develop and field space capabilities, ensuring that space guardians have the necessary capabilities in a timely way to conquer the threat effectively. This paper conducted methods and case studies of USSF's rapid acquisition after the Department of Defence's (DoD) acquisition reform. Opportunities and risks of rapid acquisition were analysed to reveal its underlying characteristics. The suggestions were given to change the mindset of traditional space acquisition, enhance the scientific comprehensive development of acquisition, and improve management level and infrastructure construction in combination with China's space development.