Intelligent radar target recognition is a key technology in modern military informatization and civilian high-end equipment. The false target interference and upgraded camouflage techniques in complex electromagnetic environments cause the performance degradation of traditional recognition algorithms, thus prompting the successive proposal of a series of advanced algorithms. Based on expounding the typical characteristics of intelligent radar target recognition, this paper systematically analyzed the constituent elements of recognition frameworks using traditional feature engineering, machine learning, and deep learning. Then, by comparing the characteristics of different methods in feature extraction and performance evaluation, the development trends and challenges of intelligent recognition technology were examined from the perspectives of practical application, large model empowerment, and other dimensions.

With the deep integration of artificial intelligence models represented by ChatGPT and DeepSeek in the field of weapon equipment, distributed collaborative combat is revolutionizing future warfare. This paper reviewed the concept of distributed collaborative warfare, systematically elaborating on situational awareness, task planning, battle damage assessment, and data link information transmission systems within its framework. It systematically analyzed the key technologies of three typical combat scenarios: manned/unmanned platform collaboration, unmanned swarm, and air defense and anti-missile. The respective development trends were discussed, providing reference for the research and development of technology and system construction for future warfare.

Addressing emerging threats on future land battlefields, including the increasing spread of low-altitude threats, a rapidly growing number of environmental disturbances, and ineffectiveness of defense systems, the US Army is accelerating the development of battlefield air defense equipment. The development focuses on systematization, networking, and intelligence, aiming to build a multi-layered, flexible, and joint air and missile defense system spanning all domains, to adapt to the complex battlefield environments in the future. This article reviewed the current state of the US Army's front air defense system and equipment, analyzed the main challenges they face, and offered a trend analysis of the system architecture, force grouping, system capabilities, and equipment forms of their future front air defense systems. This study provides insights and a reference for the development of our domestic army's air and missile defense equipment.

To enhance the operational effectiveness of intercepting hypersonic vehicles, this study evaluates the interception capability of hypersonic vehicle defense systems. An improved Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method was proposed utilizing the grey relational analysis model to assess the interception capability of defense systems from three perspectives: the penetration ability of the vehicle, the detection performance of early-warning radar, and the interception effectiveness of missiles. The validity of the model was verified through a case study. The research results show valuable insights for the design and deployment of defense systems.

Due to their high strength, specific strength, modulus, wear resistance, and heat resistance, Discontinuously reinforced titanium matrix composites (DRTMCs) are widely used in extreme environments, including aerospace, defense, and military. Traditional hot working for these composites is inefficient, energy-intensive, complex, and wasteful. Metal laser additive manufacturing (Laser AM) provides a near-net-shape solution for integrated molding of complex components. This paper investigated the Laser AM of DRTMCs reinforced with micro and nano particles, focusing on microstructure control, the formation mechanism of abnormal metallurgical networks, the martensitic effect, and the regulation of reinforcement. It summarized the primary reinforcement mechanisms and elaborated on the key technologies for Laser AM of high-performance DRTMCs, addressing challenges and solutions, prospecting the development trend of AM of metal matrix composites, and potential applications.

The reconnaissance and detection of time-sensitive targets at sea is fundamental to the long-range, accurate strike at sea. The timeliness and accuracy of the target information are critical to the strike’s effectiveness. Given the urgent need for Marine visual support for long-range precision strike, this paper analyzed the limitations of common reconnaissance platforms, including ocean radar stations, outpost ships, and early warning aircraft, in far-sea remote reconnaissance. Then, focusing on the practical application of space-based imaging satellites to remote sea reconnaissance, the constraints existing in their use were systematically reviewed, and countermeasures to guide long-range precision strikes with space-based imaging information from the perspective of technical mechanisms were proposed. This study effectively addresses the problem of reconnaissance and detection of remote maritime time-sensitive targets.

In substantial interference and adversarial combat environments, carrier aircraft should avoid prolonged radar exposure to targets to improve safety. In this scenario, the missile can only be operated in passive mode, detecting the radiation signal of the target itself through passive radar to obtain its orientation. Due to the inability to directly obtain distance and velocity information, new challenges arise for designing a target localization algorithm. Besides, measurements obtained by passive radar often contain a large number of outliers, and partial frames may be lost. Therefore, date anomalies are a complicated problem frequently encountered in engineering practice. Improper handling can lead to algorithm divergence. To address these problems, this paper conducts research on the issue of passive localization with only angle measurements. A robust passive positioning algorithm based on the spherical cubature Kalman filter had been designed and tested.

This paper proposed a deep learning-based rotated bounding box detection algorithm for ship wake detection in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. The proposed algorithm addressed the issue of background pixel redundancy in horizontal bounding box detection algorithms and the complex design of traditional detection methods, which fail to identify curved wakes effectively. The overall network framework of the algorithm consisted of three core components: a feature extraction module, a feature fusion module, and a prediction head network. The feature extraction module was responsible for extracting key feature information from the input SAR images. The feature fusion module further integrated these features to enhance the model's perception of the wake morphology. Finally, the prediction head network would provide precise target localization based on the fused features. The results of the rotated bounding box detection were acquired, including the center point position and rotation angle. Experimental results show that compared to other rotated target detection algorithms, the proposed algorithm achieves higher accuracy in SAR image ship wake detection tasks and effectively distinguishes between targets and backgrounds, thus accomplishing the task of SAR image ship wake detection under various scenarios.

Addressing the poor thermal protection performance of transpiration cooling at the stagnation point of aircraft nose cones, a novel aerospike-transpiration combined cooling structure was proposed in this paper. By leveraging the “wrapping” effect of the low-pressure recirculation zone induced by the aerospike, the transpiration cooling effectiveness near the stagnation region was enhanced, thus achieving integrated drag reduction and thermal protection for the entire nose cone structure. Installing an aerospike at the front end of the high-speed aircraft was an effective strategy for minimizing aerodynamic drag and protecting thermal transfer. However, the thermal protection capability of a solitary aerospike alone was inadequate to fulfill the thermal protection demands, thus necessitating the incorporation of supplementary cooling systems. Transpiration cooling was an efficient active thermal protection method with low coolant usage and high cooling efficiency, but the cooling effectiveness at the stagnation point was poor. In this paper, a coupled numerical method was established to compare the flow field structures and cooling characteristics of four nose cone configurations: a simple nose cone, a nose cone with aerospike, a nose cone with transpiration cooling, and a nose cone with aerospike-transpiration combined cooling. The results show that, under the same operating conditions, aerospike-transpiration combined cooling can improve cooling effectiveness at the stagnation point of simple transpiration cooling, reducing peak surface temperature by 91.68 K. Besides, the combined structure achieves a drag reduction rate of 39.75%. Furthermore, the study tested the impact of various factors, including aerospike length, diameter of the disk, and solid thermal conductivity, on the drag reduction and thermal protection effectiveness of the combined cooling structure.

To study the dynamic response and damage mode of reinforced concrete T-beam bridges under the control of penetrating ammunition explosion points, a three-dimensional separated reinforced concrete finite element model was established using the AUTODYN fluid structure coupling algorithm to simulate the damage characteristics of steel-concrete T-beam bridges numerically. On this basis, the damage characteristics of reinforced concrete T-beam bridges under the action of explosive charges at different explosion points were analyzed, and the dynamic response process of T-beam structures from concrete cracking, bottom layer cracking damage, steel yield, to local deflection of rib plates was reasonably presented. The research results show that, with a change in the blasting point, the T-beam rib plate exhibits a relatively severe deformation. The center deflection of the rib plate gradually increases with the downward offset of the blasting point, especially in the range of 1/4 to 1/2 below the main beam, where the damage is most severe. However, when the blasting point continues to move downward, the deflection of the T-beam rib plate gradually decreases. There is a maximum value of deflection associated with the movement of the blasting point, indicating an optimal blasting point. The research results can provide a reasonable basis for determining the penetration time of the explosive warhead and serve as a reference for improving the degree of bridge damage.

Amplitude-comparison direction finding is a widely used direction-finding technology in electronic warfare. However, due to its inherent direction-finding principles, the amplitude-comparison direction-finding systems inevitably exhibit random and systematic errors. To improve the accuracy of direction-finding systems, this paper analyzed the principles of mono-pulse amplitude-comparison direction-finding systems. Through theoretical study, the influencing variables at the system output end were identified. A comparison was made between the angle-of-arrival resolution in dual-channel and quad-channel amplitude-comparison direction-finding systems. After that, systematic errors under four conditions were investigated, including channel imbalance, beam configuration, beam width, and voltage amplification. The validity of these analyses was verified through simulations, providing theoretical references for the design and improvement of related equipment.

With the growing complexity of combat missions, the requirement for high-density launch control systems is becoming urgent. This paper, from the perspective of ground equipment, combined classic design concepts, including cold and hot backup, and introduced resource reorganization technology. It aimed to achieve dynamic reorganization and flexible allocation of launch control system resources, thereby maximizing resource utilization, improving resource efficiency, and boosting actual combat effectiveness. Signaling exchange technology was adopted to construct a new launch control system architecture, and internal resources were categorized and systematically planned. Then, a systematic analysis of the interdependencies among mission resources, equipment resources, and launch channel resources was conducted. Corresponding resource reconfiguration principles were formulated, and an effective resource reconfiguration control mechanism was developed to achieve dynamic resource optimization. By applying resource reconfiguration technology to the launch control system, this study has developed a tailored methodology for the resource reconfiguration system.

To resolve the problems of index fuzziness and process complexity in the evaluation of radar rush repair capability，a cloud evaluation model based on improved CRITIC weighting was designed in this study. Firstly, each evaluation index was quantified according to the characteristics of the radar emergency repair task, and the traditional CRITIC weighting method was improved by introducing the concept of entropy weight. Then, according to the cloud evaluation theory, the expert score index set was generated using the reverse cloud generator to acquire the digital features of the cloud model. Finally, the forward cloud generator was adopted to create the evaluation cloud droplet map. Through a comparative analysis of the results of the traditional CRITIC and the improved CRITIC, the improved CRITIC cloud evaluation model demonstrates greater advantages in accuracy and timeliness than the traditional CRITIC, providing a scientific and objective method for evaluating the emergency repair capability of radar equipment.

The evaluation of missile angle measurement deviations (the elevation angle and azimuth angle of the target line-of-sight) is typically conducted in laboratories, where it is impossible to fully simulate the influences of external field environments, including temperature and vibration. To address the issue that traditional laboratory tests fail to actually reflect the external field environment and thus cannot evaluate the performance of seekers accurately, this paper proposes a method for calculating the angle measurement deviation of seekers in external field experiments based on linear interpolation. Focusing on the missile and target equipment data obtained from external field experiments, the research content involved calculating the seeker angle measurement deviation results from these experiments. The method first performed linear interpolation on the data to align their time frames. Secondly, a model of angle measurement deviation was established using the linearly interpolated data within the ground coordinate system. Finally, the spatial angle measurement deviation was obtained, which was the angle between the actual line-of-sight vector of the target and the measured vector of the missile. This method provides a firm reference for the subsequent calculation of seeker angle measurement deviations in missile external field experiments. Additionally, it can be combined with internal field experiments to evaluate the performance of seeker angle measurement jointly.