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    Development of Light Photoelectric Guided Missile
    LI Jiatai, CHEN Guoliang, MA Shanbin, WU Zhipeng, WANG Qinchao
    Air & Space Defense    2021, 4 (4): 37-43.  
    Abstract374)      PDF(pc) (5173KB)(1440)       Save
    With the rapid development of new photodetectors, optical materials, signal processing and MEMS techno-logy, the photoelectric precision guidance technology has gradually become one of the most important technologies in the field of precision guidance today, and also lays the foundation for the development of a new generation of light photoelectric guided missile. In this paper, the typical models of light photoelectric guided missile in foreign military are summarized, and the technology development status is introduced. The key technologies in missile overall design technology, detection guidance and control technology, fuse-warhead coordination technology, and motor system technology are analyzed in detail. Finally, the paper envisages the development trend of light photoelectric guided missile.
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    Analysis of Combat Concept of "Mosaic Warfare" and Countermeasures
    ZHAO Renxing, WANG Ling, FENG Mingyue, JIA Wentong
    Air & Space Defense    2021, 4 (3): 48-54.  
    Abstract830)      PDF(pc) (3355KB)(1193)       Save
    The US military’s "Mosaic Warfare" combat concept from the perspectives of military strategy, combat theory, and battlefield application are summarized in this article. It has the characteristics of clear directionality, distinct inheritance, and outstanding innovation. It concludes that its combat concept and concept may be important to our combat system. Target protection, the seizure of electromagnetic power, and the suddenness of war have had an impact. On this basis, countermeasures and suggestions have been put forward in terms of combat theory, power building, equipment development, and application of tactics to deal with the challenges of the US military’s "Mosaic Warfare".
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    Low Signature Target Group Detection Based on Multimodal Data Learning Fusion Network
    ZHAO Huipan, LIU Huanyu
    Air & Space Defense    2021, 4 (3): 41-47.  
    Abstract388)      PDF(pc) (6554KB)(1180)       Save
    Low signature target group detection is a difficult problem. With the development of sensor technology, the target detection method based on multimodal data fusion becomes possible. Traditional methods focus on the artificial design of multi-modal data fusion level, by using signal level and decision-making level fusion, and neglecting multi-modal inherent fusion features. In order to make full use of the inherent multimodal feature expression ability of deep convolution network, a point to point multimodal data learning fusion network is proposed, which can fuse data from visible, infrared and Doppler pulse radar data devices. The experimental results on FLIR_ADAS dataset show that the proposed algorithm can significantly improve the performance of low signature target group detection.
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    Research Progress of Optical Aperture with Supersonic Film Cooling Under Hypersonic Flight Environment
    YI Shihe, DING Haolin
    Air & Space Defense    2021, 4 (4): 1-13.  
    Abstract1069)      PDF(pc) (8474KB)(1075)       Save
    Under hypersonic conditions, the existence of aero-optical effects seriously affects the accuracy of infrared imaging guidance, which has become one of the key technical problems in the development of a new generation of hypersonic precision strike weapons. It is necessary to study the optical aperture with supersonic film cooling suitable for hypersonic flight environment so as to solve the thermal protection and imaging problems of optical aperture under hypersonic flight conditions and break through the speed and temperature limitations of existing infrared imaging guidance weapons. Finally, it provides support for the realization of weapons' high-precision strike against air, ground, and sea under hypersonic conditions.
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    Analysis of the Influence of Intelligent Swarming on Air Defense Operations and Countermeasures
    ZHANG Hailong, YANG Rongqiang, WANG Yuqian
    Air & Space Defense    2021, 4 (1): 26-32.  
    Abstract324)      PDF(pc) (5794KB)(1002)       Save
    Aiming at the threat of intelligent swarming in the future air defense, this article focuses on the impact of intelligent swarming on air defense operations, including detection and identification, interception, command and control. It analyzes the development trend of foreign anti-swarming equipment technology from aspects of detection and identification, soft and hard damage. Finally, the relevant strategic thinking of countering intelligent swarming is proposed, which can provide an important reference for the design of the capability architecture of the anti-intelligent swarming operation system and equipment technology development.
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    Review on the Development of Intelligence-based Distributed Cooperative Operational System
    TANG Shengjing, SHI Songwei, ZHANG Yao, ZHOU Liang
    Air & Space Defense    2019, 2 (1): 6-13.  
    Abstract1164)      PDF(pc) (7725KB)(924)       Save
    Intelligence-based distributed cooperative operation (IBDCO) is characterized by high integration, self-organization, self-decision, and high cost effectiveness. Therefore, it will be a new type of warfare in the future with good performance. Based on the core thoughts of combat theory, the components of the system structure, and its outstanding features, the definition and concept of IBDCO are discussed in this paper. Some advanced projects of IBDCO system are introduced, and the development purposes and characteristics of these corresponding projects are emphatically summarized. Then, some crucial technologies which improve the development of IBDCO are analyzed in details, including situation awareness and cognition, information fusion and target tracking, distributed cooperative mission planning, and coordinated guidance law design. Finally, according to the analysis results of the related projects and achievements, some suggestions are proposed from the equipment design and its technical features of IBDCO system. The development trend of IBDCO system is introduced to provide useful reference for architecture design and tackling key problems of our army’s intelligent and cooperative operational systems.
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    Confrontation Environment and Combat Mode of Future Air Combat
    ZHANG Manman, JIANG Yi, YANG Changzhi, LEI Jing
    Air & Space Defense    2021, 4 (3): 105-109.  
    Abstract450)      PDF(pc) (4584KB)(886)       Save
    With the constant change of the concept of combat and the role of technology promotion, the rapid development and extensive application of new and high technologies with aerospace technology, new concept weapons, artificial intelligence, and information network as the core in the military field have brought about historic changes in the form of air combat, the mode of combat and the confrontation environment.With the continuous improvement of adversary air combat capability, the continuous change of combat environment and the development of new aircraft platform, higher requirements are put forward for the development of new airborne weapons. Therefore, starting from the air combat development system, combined with the concept of air combat and equipment development trends of the United States and other military powers, this paper combs the characteristics of the future air combat confrontation environment and its combat mode, and makes research judgment and suggestions on the future air combat concept, so as to provide reference for the future air combat mode research and new airborne weapon research in China.
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    Research Review of Hypervelocity Projectile by Electromagnetic Launch at Home and Abroad
    MA Xiaoping, LIAO Xin, CHEN Bing
    Air & Space Defense    2021, 4 (2): 87-.  
    Abstract407)      PDF(pc) (1615KB)(881)       Save
    In light of new-type weapon equipment in terminal defense-hypervelocity projectile (HVP) by electromagnetic launch, this paper first overviews the concept of electromagnetic rail gun, its system and working principle. Then the features of HVP by electromagnetic launch are analyzed. Based on this, foreign and domestic research status is reviewed. Besides, the key technologies to promote product serialization are discussed, among which includes multi-mode combined guidance, electromagnetic compatibility, etc. Finally, based on research achievements analysis related to HVP at home and abroad, this paper indicates that HVP will develop towards systemization, intellectualization, networking and coordination from product lifecycle management and general development model.
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    Analysis of Mosaic Warfare Concept and Key Technologies Based on OODA Loop
    GU Haobing, TIAN Shaohua, ZHOU Danfa, GE Luqin
    Air & Space Defense    2021, 4 (3): 65-69.  
    Abstract914)      PDF(pc) (4108KB)(849)       Save
    In the future, the combat environment will be unmanned, intelligent and systematic. The background of the concept of Mosaic War is introduced; the relationships with the theory of OODA loop and the idea of decision centric warfare are pointed out; the core idea of Mosaic War and its application at the operational level and system construction level are analyzed. The key technologies are summarized to support the intelligent operation of mosaic warfare troops in terms of network information share, command and control of communication, as well as intelligent and hybrid decision making. Considering the advantages of Mosaic War in concealment and flexibility, and the deficiencies in communication, command & control and logistics, in order to delay and block the OODA fast closed loop, the countermeasures are proposed from the aspects of electromagnetic spectrum confrontation, intelligent algorithm and group confrontation.
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    Researchon Operational Decision Support Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning
    Zhou Lai, Jin Xiaowei, Zheng Yikai
    Air & Space Defense    2018, 1 (1): 31-35.  
    Abstract821)      PDF(pc) (2570KB)(847)       Save
    Faced with the rapidly changing battlefield situation, how to make effective use of intelligent technology to achieve computer-aided decision has become a bottleneck restricting the development of command and control technology. Through the in-depth analysis of the combat decision-making process, it is transformed into an issue of multi-step sequential decision-making. Then the deep learning method is used to extract the characteristic vectors including the commander’s mood, behavior and the decision-making state in the tactics evolution process. The reinforcement learning method is used to search in the action space of decision state and evaluate the decision state until obtaining an optimal action sequence decision, to gain the advantage at the game of machine versus human in the future battlefield.
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    Gliding Vehicle Trajectory Planning Based on Sequential Convex Optimization Algorithm
    LI Zhen, XU Bingqing, LI Qingbo, YAN Xiongwei, LI Boya
    Air & Space Defense    2021, 4 (4): 50-56.  
    Abstract373)      PDF(pc) (1160KB)(842)       Save
    For the problem of multi-constrained trajectory planning of gliding vehicle in the unpowered glide phase, a set of fast solving algorithms is presented based on convex optimization method. The algorithm establishes an extended dimension state model by introducing control derivative, obtains discrete optimization problems based on piecewise Gaussian pseudo-spectral method, and accelerates the convergence solving process by relying on three designed target penalty functions. The simulation results show that the algorithm can quickly converge to a set of feasible solutions of the original problem at any initial value that does not satisfy the constraint, and the computational efficiency is higher than that of the traditional Gaussian pseudo-spectral method.
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    Development of Air and Missile Defense System Based on the Space-ground Integration Information Network
    Meng Guang, Kong Xiaojun
    Air & Space Defense    2018, 1 (1): 1-7.  
    Abstract688)      PDF(pc) (5479KB)(820)       Save
    With the rise of comprehensive national strength and the expansion of national interest, our country is facing the growing security threats, especially the aerospace threats.(onsidering the current status and development of foreign air and missile defense systems, a development plan of air and missile defense system most suitable for our country is proposed to accelerate the set up of weapon system by combining the capability and power of military area with that of space area.
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    Global Space Security Situation Analysis and Development Proposal
    CHEN Ying, WEI Guoning, TANG Shengyong, KANG Zhiyu
    Air & Space Defense    2021, 4 (3): 99-104.  
    Abstract1087)      PDF(pc) (5925KB)(812)       Save
    As a new frontier of human activity, space is threatened by asteroid, space debris and military contest, and space security is closely related to the common interests of all mankind. Focusing on the topic of space security situation, a new definition of space security is proposed in this paper from the perspective of space domain and application scenario. In addition, considering both man-made threats and natural threats, current situation and near future development of space security is analyzed. And then, the main challenges of space security situation are discussed, such as asteroid defense, debris removal and outer space arms control. Lastly, four proposals about the big issue of global space security improvement are presented, from the point of view of diplomacy, law, technology, culture.
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    Analysis and Reflection on Generation Mechanism of U.S. Weapon Equipment Operational Requirements
    XIAO Yongle, CHENG Xiang
    Air & Space Defense    2021, 4 (3): 110-114.  
    Abstract370)      PDF(pc) (1239KB)(801)       Save
    The generation mechanism of U.S. weapon equipment operational requirements is introduced; the existing problem of PLA is analyzed by comparison in this area. Using the thought of system engineering, the generation mechanism of weapon equipment operational requirements is discussed, and the enlightenment and suggestions are putforward.
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    Research on Distributed ISAR Imaging Simulation Technology of Air Targets
    CHEN Chunhong, GU Cunfeng, HU Jun, YANG Jianchao, WU Wen
    Air & Space Defense    2022, 5 (1): 12-19.  
    Abstract230)      PDF(pc) (3500KB)(767)       Save
    Aiming at the problems that the characteristics of non-cooperative air targets are difficult to measure and the verification of imaging algorithm is difficult, the distributed radar ISAR imaging simulation system is constructed with the multi-angle ISAR imaging fusion algorithm. CST simulation software is used to obtain the complex scattering coefficients of typical air targets. Then the simulation constraints are studied. Finally, the distributed ISAR imaging simulation is carried out for a bomber with good stealth performance. The simulation results show that the distributed radar ISAR imaging simulation system can obtain the high-resolution ISAR target images at any observation angle.
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    Review of Equipment Effectiveness Evaluation and Supporting Technologies
    SU Hongjia, LUO Yucheng, LIU Fei
    Air & Space Defense    2023, 6 (3): 29-38.  
    Abstract299)      PDF(pc) (619KB)(766)       Save
    Operational effectiveness evaluation has been widely used in various weapon and equipment validation studies to assess the capability of specific operational mission objectives. This paper has provided a summarized analysis of the current problems and challenges. Then, it reviewed three categories of equipment system operational effectiveness evaluation methods: multi-attribute decision-making, complex networks, and machine learning algorithms. The research status of the above approaches was analyzed. In addition, this paper has summarized the supporting technologies for equipment system operational effectiveness evaluation, respectively, indicator reduction and optimization. Finally, according to the current research progress, expected research directions for future evaluation are proposed.
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    Analysis of Development of Multi-mode and Compound Precision Guidance Technology
    ZUO Wei, ZHOU Bohua, LI Wenzhu
    Air & Space Defense    2019, 2 (3): 44-52.  
    Abstract325)      PDF(pc) (6825KB)(758)       Save
    In this paper, basic concepts of multi-mode and compound guidance technology are summarized. The development and representative application of multi-mode and compound guidance technology are introduced. The characteristics and key technologies of multi-mode and compound guidance technology are analyzed. And on this basis the developing trends of future are analyzed. 
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    Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Missile Model with Direct Force and Aerodynamic Force Compound Control Technology
    ZHAO Zhongliang, LI Hao, LAI Jiang, YANG Haiyong, WANG Xiaobing, LI Yuping
    Air & Space Defense    2022, 5 (3): 1-9.  
    Abstract242)      PDF(pc) (4676KB)(739)       Save
    The direct force and aerodynamic force compound control technology is proposed for achieving the rapid turning and precise guided strike in high-maneuver tactical missiles. To investigate the coupling interaction problems in the compound control method, both wind tunnel experiments and unsteady numerical simulations are conducted on a typical missile configuration with transverse jet nozzles. Specially, dynamic response to the direct force/aerodynamic force control are carried out experimentally in wind tunnel. The results shows that the rear transverse jets provide beneficial interaction for aerodynamic characteristics. As a consequence of the pitching motion, the upstream separation region is largely affected by the unsteady interaction flow. And the aerodynamic coefficients experience obvious dynamic hysteresis, which is enhanced by the pitching motion rate. The amplification factor of pitch moment is more seriously affected under large angle-of-attack in the pitching motion, which is deviated from the static counterparts and leads to unfavorable impact. The direct force/aerodynamic force compound control is proven to be capable of increasing the pitching-up velocity, and it is a reliable option for rapid turning and precise attitude control.
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    Φ120 Hypersonic Wind Tunnel Flow Field Calibration
    RONG Zhen, HU Wenjie, QIU Yunlong, ZHANG Yujian, WANG Yizhuang, JIANG Zhongzheng, CHEN Weifang
    Air & Space Defense    2022, 5 (3): 58-64.  
    Abstract167)      PDF(pc) (4794KB)(692)       Save
    This paper introduces the design performance parameters, flow field calibration results and standard model force measurements of Φ120 hypersonic wind tunnel of Zhejiang University. This wind tunnel adopts conventional "blow-suck" layout. The diameter of the nozzle outlet is 120 mm; the design operation Mach number is 5.0, 6.0 and 7.0; the total pressure of the incoming flow is 0.2~2.0 MPa; the total temperature of the incoming flow is 400~700 K; and the running time is not less than 10 seconds. The flow field calibration results show that the uniform region diameters of the 5.0/6.0/7.0 nozzles are more than 90mm; the average Mach numbers of the uniform region are 5.07, 6.05 and 6.94; the rms deviations are 0.018, 0.015 and 0.023; and the axial Mach gradients of the uniform region are 0.021, 0.016 and 0.031 respectively. All the above key parameters reach the GJB1179A-2012 qualified indices, and some parameters reach the GJB1179A-2012 advanced indices. The aerodynamic force measurement results of the AGARD HB-2 standard model in the Φ120 hypersonic wind tunnel are consistent with the simulation results of in-house code GRAND and the reference experimental results in GJB4399-2002. In summary, Φ120 hypersonic wind tunnel has a wide range of parameters, which is applicable for hypersonic aerodynamic teaching experiments and advanced scientific research subjects such as hypersonic complex flow mechanism and flow control for heat and drag reduction.
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    Study on Near Space Defense Technology Development and Penetration Strategy
    XIONG Junhui, LI Keyong, LIU Yi, JI Yu
    Air & Space Defense    2021, 4 (2): 82-.  
    Abstract396)      PDF(pc) (1024KB)(687)       Save
    In recent years,the rapid development of near space vehicles has attracted worldwide attention on the construction of near space defense system, and some countries are conducting the specific research into defense technology and equipment. In this paper, the penetrating capabilities of near space hypersonic vehicles are introduced. The adaptability is analyzed regarding main foreign air and missile defense system performance to the interception of near space hypersonic vehicles and the development trends of defense technologies against near space vehicles are studied. Finally, the penetration strategies of near space vehicles are discussed, providing reference for the development of attack-defense confrontation.
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    Analysis of the Development of Foreign Small Loitering Munitions and Their Early Warning System Response Strategy
    LI Chao, LI Hao, SU Haoran
    Air & Space Defense    2023, 6 (3): 58-65.  
    Abstract153)      PDF(pc) (1082KB)(662)       Save
    The use of small loitering munitions in the Armenia-Azerbaijan and the Russia-Ukraine conflicts has once again driven the interests of global military powers to develop loitering munitions. Taking foreign small loitering munitions as the main research object, this paper has discussed the development history of loitering munitions, including the development status of several typical small loitering munitions and their respective latest development of operational applications, and summarized and compared their performance parameters. According to the study of typical types of operational applications of small loitering munitions and their operational advantages, countermeasure suggestions were proposed for future early warning systems to cope with small loitering munitions operations, thus providing a reference for the construction and development of early warning systems.
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    Integrated Air Defense Cooperative Networking Operation Research
    LAI Wenxing, WANG Chuangwei, GU Cunfeng, ZHANG Qing, XU Yongqin, JIA Jun
    Air & Space Defense    2022, 5 (4): 92-96.  
    Abstract379)      PDF(pc) (3289KB)(652)       Save
    In view of the current operational background of the development of air attack system towards the integration of sky, ground, sea, network and electronic, and the expansion of operational airspace to near space, outer space and network electronic space, the paper points out the connotation and core content of the integrated air defense cooperative networking operation, analyzes the current situation at home and aboard, proposes the composition of integrated air defense cooperative networking operation, studies the technical approach of adaptive networking architecture, integrated fire control network, distributed command and control system, operational component, discusses its combat capability, combat style, typical scenario and operational process. The operation technology can provide a useful reference for realizing the cross domain networking operation of interconnection and interoperability between different types defense equipment and establishing the integrated aerospace defense system.
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    Review of Missile Structural Optimization Design for Additive Manufacturing
    KE Linda, ZHANG Xiaolong, CUI Zhe, GU Mingfeng, LAI Caifang, LIU Yong
    Air & Space Defense    2023, 6 (2): 28-34.  
    Abstract164)      PDF(pc) (1107KB)(648)       Save
    With the development of AM (additive manufacturing) technology, the integration of innovative structure design and AM technology must be the critical direction of breakthrough development in missile development and structural design. This paper discussed the application of advanced additive manufacturing technology in missile structure optimization in three parts: the static design, the dynamic structure design and the coupling dynamics. Since the optimization of missile structure involves dynamic characteristics, aeroelasticity, mechanical-thermal coupling etc., relying on its unique advantages, AM technology can break through the traditional design mode and the processing bottleneck, and can further realize the lightweight, small size and functional integration of space weapon equipment.
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    Research on Hierarchical Tree Construction Method for Multilevel Process Model of Joint Operations Simulation
    ZHANG Mingxin, SU JiongMing, ZHANG Mingen, LI Rufei, QIAN Xiaochao
    Air & Space Defense    0, (): 6-12.  
    Abstract104)      PDF(pc) (1041KB)(641)       Save
    The types of models of the joint combat simulation experiments are rich, while the design, the evaluation and the analysis of the simulation experiment are complex. Thus, the scenarios for the application of the experimental results are diverse. Therefore, multi-level models are required for joint combat experiments and analysis. The hierarchy of entities has been generally studied by aggregation and disaggregation but still lacks suitable description, analysis, and integration methods for the hierarchy of combat processes models. According to the existing methods of hierarchical description and analysis, this paper utilized the concept of a hierarchical tree to describe the process models of different levels. The structure, operation and application of the hierarchical tree were analyzed systematically. The specific application of the process hierarchical tree was introduced with examples. The hierarchical tree description of the process model can contribute to the multi-level joint simulation application analysis and multi-level model management, and can effectively improve the interoperability and reusability of models at different levels.
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    Infrared Dim and Small Target Detection Based on Dual-Channel Feature-Enhancement Integrated Attention Network
    CAI Yunze, ZHANG Yanjun
    Air & Space Defense    2021, 4 (4): 14-22.  
    Abstract416)      PDF(pc) (2312KB)(623)       Save
    Aiming at the problems existing in long-distance infrared target detection, such as less feature information, complex environment, more noise interference, and high missed detection rate and false alarm rate of traditional target detection algorithms, an infrared small target detection algorithm based on dual-channel feature enhancement attention network is proposed in this paper. The overall network structure mainly includes three parts: dual channel feature extraction module, feature enhancement module and integrated top-bottom attention module. Compared with single channel feature extraction, dual channel feature extraction can obtain more feature information. Feature enhancement module can enrich target features further. Moreover, the integrated top bottom attention module can adaptively enhance target features and weaken background noise. And then the algorithm improves the detection effect of dim and small targets in the infrared images. Finally, it is verified that the algorithm proposed in this paper has a better detection effect, and has a lower rate of missed detection and false detection.
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    Review of Integrated Equipment for Electronic Reconnaissance and Jamming and Localization
    ZHANG Wenxu, WU Zhennan, LU Manjun, HU Jianbo
    Air & Space Defense    2022, 5 (2): 75-86.  
    Abstract355)      PDF(pc) (2476KB)(620)       Save
    The integrated framework for reconnaissance and jamming of sweep guidance, fast guidance and modulation bandwidth converter is analyzed in the paper. Miniaturization, modularization and localization will become the development trend of the integrated equipment for electronic reconnaissance and jamming. The development status of electronic reconnaissance and jamming technology is analyzed from the aspects of electronic reconnaissance technology, electronic jamming technology and transceiver isolation technology of electronic reconnaissance and jamming system. The wideband digital channelized receiving and transmitting, ultra-wideband jamming, distributed jamming and cognitive jamming will become the development trend of electronic reconnaissance and jamming technology. For the urgent national demand for independent localization application, the localization development status of integrated equipment for electronic reconnaissance and jamming is studied. The new integrated equipment for electronic reconnaissance and jamming with 100% localization will become the development trend in the future.
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    Adversarial Attack Technology for Vision-Based Aircraft Intelligent Object Detection
    JIANG Xinghao, ZHAO Zheyu, XU Ke
    Air & Space Defense    2021, 4 (1): 8-13.  
    Abstract491)      PDF(pc) (5500KB)(615)       Save
    With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and computer vision, using intelligent object detection technology to identify the aircraft and UAV has become a common military defense means. Aiming at the feasibility of confusing and deceiving the object detection model based on deep learning network from the digital image level, and materializing the digital attack results in the future, this paper proposes a limited area adversarial attack method for vision-based aircraft intelligent object detection. The digital image of aircraft is used to simulate the adversarial attack of YOLO v3 object detection network. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the experiments on the aircraft categories in PASCAL_VOC_2007 dataset.  The work of this paper provides the basis for further research on whether the digital analog attack can be transferred to the aircraft entity.
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    Modeling and Characteristics Analysis of Two-Dimensional Space-Time Clutter for Airborne Bistatic Radar
    HU Bin, HE Qiang, WU Yatao, SUN Qingyang, LIU Yunshen
    Air & Space Defense    2022, 5 (1): 37-44.  
    Abstract222)      PDF(pc) (1771KB)(611)       Save
    In order to analyse the relationship between the space-time distribution characteristics of clutter under the airborne bistatic radar system and the bistatic configuration, the geometric model of bistatic airborne radar is established, and the analytical expression of clutter isorange contours is derived. Then, a modeling method based on the variables of bistatic range sum and azimuth angle of clutter point relative to the center of the clutter isorange contours is presented to accurately calculate the Doppler frequency of clutter in any bistatic configuration. Simulation results show that the correlation of clutter range becomes stronger with the decrease of the bistatic range sum. However, with the decrease of bistatic baseline, the range dependence of clutter is relatively reduced. Therefore, the range dependence of clutter can be reduced by rationally configuring the bistatic parameters, which provides a theoretical basis for the suppression of bistatic clutter.
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    Review of Missile Automatic Loading Technology
    WANG Xufeng, TANG Rijia, SUN Yanyi, GAN Xingye, ZHANG Yuxin
    Air & Space Defense    2021, 4 (2): 34-.  
    Abstract405)      PDF(pc) (3862KB)(607)       Save
    Different from traditional missile loading method, the missile automatic loading technology is a new loading method that can meet the satisfaction of unmanned combat platform. This paper first introduces existing missile loading methods at home and abroad. The differences of “push-loading” and “vision servo manipulator plus flexible and parallel hoisting device” are also analyzed. The research of the latter one is mainly conducted. The manipulator control technology based on improved path planning, machine vision technology and flexibly adaptive adjustment technology are proposed, thus providing ideas for the research of missile automatic loading and unmanned smart combat.
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    Current Developments in Foreign Hypersonic Vehicles and Defense Systems
    Air & Space Defense    2023, 6 (3): 39-51.  
    Abstract188)      PDF(pc) (2112KB)(595)       Save
    With the evolution of combat modes and advancements in hypersonic-related technologies, hypersonic vehicles have emerged as the major threat in future warfare. This will inevitably trigger new tactical strategies and military doctrines. This paper has provided a systematic review of the development of hypersonic vehicles from major military powers and introduced its current stage of equipment for defense systems. Based on the above analysis, this paper proposes three defending strategies against hypersonic vehicles, which includes building a comprehensive information network, creating an all-encompassing interception posture, and improving a full-factor command and control platform. These strategies contribute to the reference for the construction and development of hypersonic vehicle defense systems and are valuable to counter the growing threat posed by hypersonic vehicles in future warfare.
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    Design and Simulation for the Telescopic Wing of Morphing Aircraft
    XU Quan, ZHOU Li, XU Shengli, LU Fengwei, LIU Siyu, LIU Guang, Hua Zhou
    Air & Space Defense    2023, 6 (2): 35-42.  
    Abstract184)      PDF(pc) (974KB)(551)       Save
    Morphing aircraft can achieve better performance by changing the aerodynamic shape in different flying tasks or various tasks of the same task stage. Telescopic wings are one of the important deformation schemes for aircraft. In order to improving design accuracy and development efficiency, the co-simulation approach has been paid great attention recently. The co-simulation method can verify the influence of parameters on the performance of Telescopic wings during the design phase.Using ADAMS and Simulink,a comprehensive analysis and simulation mechatronic model had been established to study the kinematic and the dynamic characteristics. To meet the standards of real-time deployment of the deformation mechanism, the main parameters of the deformation wing mechanism were simulated and ameliorated. The simulation experimenthas verified the feasibility of the proposed method and provide a foundation for structural optimization design.
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    Enlightenment of US Army’s Rapid Acquisitionon the Development of China’s Weapon Equipment System
    JIN Pengfei, KONG Xiaojun, XIE Chunyan, LIANG Weidong, LAI Yu
    Air & Space Defense    2022, 5 (4): 97-102.  
    Abstract190)      PDF(pc) (918KB)(543)       Save
    In recent years, the U.S.army has vigorously promoted the rapid acquisition of new weapon equipment in order to quickly form a "System Cluster" of weapon equipment form, counter potential opponents, and consolidate its military leading advantage. This paper introduces the new adaptive acquisition framework of defense, fast acquisition approaches and the implementation of related projects, and then judges the situation that fast acquisition can actively adapt to the future battlefield and accelerate the forming of weapon equipment system. Finally, it gives some suggestions for the development of our army's acquisition and weapon equipment system.
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    Neural Network Based Air Defense Weapon Target Intelligent Assignment Method
    LONG Teng, LIU Zhenyu, SHI Renhe, WANG Shengyin
    Air & Space Defense    2021, 4 (1): 1-7.  
    Abstract594)      PDF(pc) (1317KB)(535)       Save

    To address the challenge of the real-time weapon target intelligent assignment in modern high dynamic air defense operation, a neural network based air defense weapon target intelligent assignment method is proposed in this paper. An optimization model for weapon target assignment is first established considering the number of weapons and interception capability in order to optimize the damage efficiency. A neural network based weapon target intelligent assignment framework is then developed, where a neural network is constructed based on the existed training sample set and employed to assign the weapons to the targets effectively and efficiently. The comparison results illustrate that the neural network based air defense weapon target assignment method can obtain better weapon target assignment solution compared with the conventional discrete differential evolution based assignment method. Moreover, the computational cost of the proposed method can be reduced by 99. 9%, which demonstrates the effectiveness and practicability of the research work.

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    Adaptive Interference Waveform Design Based on Reinforcement Learning
    CHEN Tao, ZHANG Ying, HUANG Xiangsong
    Air & Space Defense    2021, 4 (2): 59-.  
    Abstract352)      PDF(pc) (1980KB)(523)       Save
    Aiming at the problem that the traditional jamming algorithm cannot adapt to the change of signal environment, the Q-learning algorithm and the hypothesis method of "cutting" are combined to apply to the design of jamming waveform, so that the jamming waveform can achieve the effect of adaptive radar signal length change. The algorithm is mainly aimed at jamming the radar detection link. Constant false Alarm rate (CFAR) is adopted as the environment interaction model, and the sampling time and forwarding time of intermittent sampling signals are adjusted adaptively through enhanced learning. On this basis, the radar signals of unknown length are processed by "cutting" to achieve the purpose of optimal interference. Finally, simulation is carried out to realize the jamming of unknown radar signal. The simulation results show that the reinforcement learning algorithm can make full use of the historical data when making decision under the condition of uncertain signal model, and can achieve better interference effect compared with the traditional algorithm.
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    Analysis of the Development and Key Technologies of Missile-borne Integrated Avionics System
    SHI Dashan, GE Yuhang, MENG Guangwei, JI Biao, CAI Kerong
    Air & Space Defense    2023, 6 (3): 52-57.  
    Abstract161)      PDF(pc) (571KB)(508)       Save
    The missile-borne integrated avionics system determines the development of the electronic and electrical equipment of the missile. It can effectively improve integration, modularization, and miniaturization while reducing costs. This paper first introduced the concept and system composition of an integrated avionics system. Then, it summarized the development status domestically and abroad and expounded on the development trend and key technologies of missile-brone integrated avionics systems, including high-speed serial bus, time-sharing partition operating systems, and microsystem. Finally, the existing challenges and future development trends were summarized.
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    Analysis for Characteristics of Future Air Defense Battlefield Environment and Development of Air Defense and Antimissile Equipment of US Army
    Liu Bing, Zhang Fahong, Jia Haipeng, Xue Jie
    Air & Space Defense    2018, 1 (1): 8-12.  
    Abstract478)      PDF(pc) (2494KB)(506)       Save
    Under the background that the strategic emphasis of US is shifted to the Asia Pacific Region, in order to contain China's peaceful rising and keep the existing military and technical advantages, the U.S. Army has formally put forward the concept of “Multi Domain Battle” and received the response of other services. All services have planned to take measures against ballistic missile salvo and other threats, which has urged the U. S. Army in recent years to strengthen the air defense and antimissile equipment development in order to make up for the deficiency when confronting an evenly matched opponent. The resulting ability enhancement of U.S. army will certainly bring new impact on future air defense battlefield. It is worthy of our attention, at the same time it would bring new thought and reference for equipment construction of our army air defense and antimissile during transformation of armed forces.
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    Overview of Foreign Simulation VV&A Standards
    WANG Bingheng, LI Wei, ZHANG Huan, MA Ping, CHENG Huichuan, ZHANG Jianchao, YANG Ming
    Air & Space Defense    2023, 6 (3): 13-24.  
    Abstract212)      PDF(pc) (1612KB)(495)       Save
    With the progress of technology, the engineering system has become increasingly sophisticated and complex. Whether the simulation can represent real entities in the real world has been considered as a major concern. Simulation VV&A is the key to ensuring the correctness and credibility of a simulation. The VV&A standard regulates how to perform its work and standardize its activities, which has engineering practical significance. This article initially summarized the development process of foreign VV&A standards. Then, the similarities and differences between simulation VV&A standards abroad were compared and analyzed. Finally, the future development direction of simulation VV&A standards was proposed.
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    Research Progress of Structural Optimization and Additive Manufacturing on High-Speed Aircraft Structures
    DING Xiaohong, ZHANG Heng, SHEN Hong
    Air & Space Defense    2023, 6 (2): 1-11.  
    Abstract231)      PDF(pc) (2578KB)(492)       Save
    Lightweight, high stiffness and high strength structures are the key elements to achieving high speed, long range and strong aircraft manoeuvrability. In recent years, fundamental research and design technology development on innovative design methods, such as structural topology optimization and bionic design, have provided powerful design tools for the design of high-speed aircraft structures. This paper first analyzes the design requirements of high-speed aircraft structures. Then reviews the related research on the integration method of structural topology optimization, bionic design and additive manufacturing at domestic and abroad in recent years from the perspectives of research methods and classification applications. Finally summarizes the main problems in the innovative design methods and applications of aircraft structures, and proposes the key breakthrough technologies in the near future, thus providing a reference for the structural design of the new generation high-speed aircraft.
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    Research on Cooperative Reconnaissance Planning Algorithm of Multi-UAV System
    LIANG Fengyang, YANG Yijun, LIU Gonglong, WAN Bing, GAO Wangsheng
    Air & Space Defense    2021, 4 (1): 103-108.  
    Abstract458)      PDF(pc) (1443KB)(491)       Save
    Based on the ant colony algorithm, this paper studies the cluster cooperation problem of multi-UAV system in cooperative reconnaissance of complex target group, and optimizes the ant colony algorithm through cross strategy to improve the accuracy of the algorithm and form a better track scheme and reasonable scheduling strategy. The solution of this problem can not only deepen the research of multi-task allocation and multi-objective cooperative field, but also provide assistant decision-making for troops to carry out combat tasks.
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    Laser Bionic Manufacturing Technology for Functional Surface
    SHEN Hong, REN Haodong, LI Haidong
    Air & Space Defense    2023, 6 (2): 12-27.  
    Abstract126)      PDF(pc) (3056KB)(488)       Save
    Hydrophobic, anti-icing, anti-corrosion, drag reduction and wave absorption functional surfaces have generated significant interest among researchers to enhance the overall performance of aircraft. Due to its wide range of applications and high precision in processing, laser processing technology has great application potential in material processing, complex morphology construction, micro-nano scale manufacturing and other areas. This paper has comprehensively summarized the research of functional bionic surfaces prepared on different materials in recent years, including hydrophobic, anti-icing, comprehensive anti-corrosion, antibacterial, drag reduction and wave absorption functional surfaces. From the perspective of bionic manufacturing, this paper has presented the biological surface with unique functional characteristics in nature, introduced the underlying basis of achieving a particular function, and listed relevant research on bionic surface manufacturing based on laser processing. Finally, the challenges and trends of development were discussed and prospected.
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Chinese Association for Physiological Sciences Academy of Military Medical Sciences Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine
Associate Sponsor
Institute of Basic Medical Sciences
Editor in Chief
WANG Hai
Edited and Published by
Editorial Board,Chinese Journal of Applide Physiology;Dali Dao,Tinanjin 300050,China



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