2022全球癌症统计报告分析解读：中国与世界癌症疾病负担与流行趋势

doi:10.16150/j.1671-2870.2025.02.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

2024年2月，国际癌症研究机构（International Agency for Research on Cancer， IARC）发布了2022年全球癌症统计报告。该报告统计了36种不同类型癌症在全球范围内185个国家发病率与死亡率在地理、性别、不同人类发展指数（human development index， HDI）地区上的差异，并对2050年全球的癌症疾病负担进行了预测。该报告显示，2022年全年全球总计新增癌症病例近2 000万例，死亡970万例。基于人口统计学的预测表明，预计到2050年，每年新增癌症病例数将达到3 500万，比2022年的水平增加77%。从地理分布看，全球癌症的分布存在明显的地区差异，2022年，全球近一半（49.2%）的新发病例和大多数（56.1%）死亡病例都发生在亚洲；从性别分布看，2022年全球的女性癌症综合发病率和死亡率均低于男性；从国家HDI水平看，随着HDI水平的提高，患癌症的风险有增加的趋势。2022年，全球范围内，新增癌症发病例数的前五位分别为，肺癌近250万，死亡病例超180万；女性乳腺癌230万，死亡病例近67万；结直肠癌超190万（包括肛门癌），死亡病例超90万；前列腺癌150万，死亡病例近40万；胃癌近97万，死亡66万。2022年，中国新诊断肺癌病例数占中国新发癌症总病例数的22%，位居第一。肺癌在中国癌症发病谱上仍然位居第一，占中国癌症新发总病例数的22.0%，这一比例较2018年的数据（17.9%）进一步上升，随后依次为结直肠癌（10.7%）、甲状腺癌（9.7%）、肝癌（7.6%）和胃癌（7.4%），这5种癌症占中国总新发病例数的一半以上（57.4%）。本文梳理该报告的数据来源和统计方法，解读主要癌症的流行趋势，并针对中国流行的主要癌种进行了统计与分析，分析其疾病负担的情况与流行趋势。

关键词: 癌症, 全球癌症统计报告, 发病, 死亡

Abstract:

In February 2024, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) released the 2022 Global Cancer Statistics Report. In 2022, there were nearly 20 million new cancer cases and 9.7 million deaths. The report provides statistics on the incidence and mortality of 36 different types of cancer in 185 countries around the world, analyzing geographic, gender-based, and Human Development Index (HDI)-related differences. It also predicts the global burden of cancer disease by 2050. Demographic forecasts suggest that by 2050, the number of new cancer cases worldwide is expected to reach 35 million annually-an increase of 77% compared to 2022. Geographically, cancer incidence and mortality rates show significant regional disparities. In 2022, nearly half (49.2%) of the world's new cases and the majority (56.1%) of cancer deaths occurred in Asia. In terms of gender distribution, the overall cancer incidence and mortality rate among females were lower than those among males in 2022. With respect to HDI, the risk of developing cancer increases with higher HDI levels. In 2022, the top 5 newly diagnosed cancer cases worldwide are lung cancer, female breast cancer cancer, colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, gastric cancer in turn. There were nearly 2.5 million new lung cancer cases and over 1.8 million related deaths. Breast cancer in women accounted for 2.3 million new cases and nearly 670 000 deaths. Colorectal cancer, including anal cancer, had more than 1.9 million new cases and over 900 000 deaths. Prostate cancer recorded 1.5 million new cases and nearly 400 000 deaths. There were nearly 970 000 newly-diagnosed cases of gastric cancer and 660 000 related deaths. In China in 2022, lung cancer still ranks first in the cancer incidence spectrum in China, accounting for 22.0% of the total new cases of cancer in China. This proportion has further increased compared to 2018 data (17.9%), followed by colorectal cancer (10.7%), thyroid cancer (9.7%), liver cancer (7.6%), and gastric cancer (7.4%), which account for more than half of the total new cases in China (57.4%). This paper reviews the data sources and statistical methods used in the report, interprets the epidemiological trends of major cancer types, and analyzes the incidence and burden of major cancers prevalent in China, provi-ding an overview of their disease burden and epidemiological trends.

Key words: Cancer, Global Cancer Statistics Report, Incidence, Mortality

中图分类号:

R73-31

吴琪, 范伯男, 李岩. 2022全球癌症统计报告分析解读：中国与世界癌症疾病负担与流行趋势[J]. 诊断学理论与实践, 2025, 24(02): 135-145.

WU Qi, FAN Bonan, LI Yan. Analysis and interpretation of the 2022 Global Cancer Statistics Report： cancer burden and epidemiological trends in China and the world[J]. Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice, 2025, 24(02): 135-145.

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排位	发病情况			死亡情况
排位	发病部位	新发病例数（万）	年龄标化发病率（/10万）	发病部位	死亡例数(万）	年龄标化发病率（/10万）
男女合并	全部癌症	1 996.5	196.9	全部癌症	973.7	91.7
1	肺癌	248.0	23.6	肺癌	181.7	16.8
2	乳腺癌	230.9	46.8	结直肠癌	90.4	8.1
3	结直肠癌	192.6	18.4	肝癌	75.8	7.4
4	前列腺癌	146.7	29.5	乳腺癌	66.6	12.7
5	胃癌	96.8	9.2	胃癌	66.0	6.1
6	肝癌	86.5	8.6	胰腺癌	46.7	4.2
7	甲状腺癌	82.1	9.1	食管癌	44.5	4.3
8	宫颈癌	66.1	14.1	前列腺癌	39.7	7.3
9	膀胱癌	61.4	5.6	宫颈癌	34.8	7.1
10	非霍奇金淋巴瘤	55.3	5.6	白血病	30.5	3.1
男性	全部癌症	1 030.6	212.5	全部癌症	542.7	109.7
1	肺癌	157.2	32.1	肺癌	123.3	24.8
2	前列腺癌	146.7	29.4	肝癌	52.1	10.9
3	结直肠癌	104.5	21.9	结直肠癌	48.9	9.9
4	胃癌	62.7	14.0	胃癌	42.7	8.6
5	肝癌	60.0	12.8	前列腺癌	39.7	7.3
6	膀胱癌	47.1	12.7	食管癌	31.8	6.5
7	食管癌	36.5	9.3	胰腺癌	24.7	5.0
8	非霍奇金淋巴瘤	31.1	7.6	白血病	17.3	3.7
9	白血病	27.8	6.6	膀胱癌	16.6	3.1
10	肾癌	27.8	6.2	非霍奇金淋巴瘤	14.4	2.9
女性	全部癌症	965.8	186.2	全部癌症	431.0	76.8
1	乳腺癌	229.6	48.6	乳腺癌	66.6	12.6
2	肺癌	90.8	16.2	肺癌	58.4	9.8
3	结直肠癌	82.7	15.2	结直肠癌	39.3	6.5
4	宫颈癌	66.1	14.1	宫颈癌	34.8	7.1
5	甲状腺癌	61.5	13.6	肝癌	23.7	4.1
6	子宫癌	42.0	8.4	胃癌	23.2	3.9
7	胃癌	34.1	6.0	胰腺癌	22.0	3.5
8	卵巢癌	32.4	6.6	卵巢癌	20.7	4.0
9	肝癌	26.5	4.8	白血病	13.2	2.5
10	非霍奇金淋巴瘤	24.2	4.6	食管癌	12.7	2.2

排位	发病情况			死亡情况
排位	发病部位	新发病例数（万）	年龄标化发病率（/10万）	发病部位	死亡例数（万）	年龄标化发病率（/10万）
男女合并	全部癌症	482.5	201.6	全部癌症	257.4	96.5
1	肺癌	106.1	40.8	肺癌	73.3	26.7
2	结直肠癌	51.7	20.1	肝癌	31.7	12.6
3	甲状腺癌	46.6	24.6	胃癌	26.0	9.4
4	肝癌	36.8	15.0	结直肠癌	24.0	8.6
5	胃癌	35.9	13.7	食管癌	18.7	6.7
6	乳腺癌	35.7	33.0	胰腺癌	10.6	3.9
7	食管癌	22.4	8.3	乳腺癌	7.5	6.1
8	宫颈癌	15.1	13.8	脑肿瘤	5.7	2.5
9	前列腺癌	13.4	9.7	宫颈癌	5.6	4.5
10	胰腺癌	11.9	4.4	白血病	5.0	2.4
	其他癌症	107.0		其他癌症	49.3
男性	全部癌症	253.4	209.6	全部癌症	162.9	127.5
1	肺癌	65.9	52.0	肺癌	51.6	39.5
2	结直肠癌	30.8	24.7	肝癌	23.0	19.1
3	肝癌	26.8	22.7	胃癌	18.2	13.8
4	胃癌	24.7	19.5	结直肠癌	14.3	10.9
5	食管癌	16.7	13.1	食管癌	14.0	10.7
6	前列腺癌	13.4	9.7	胰腺癌	6.1	4.7
7	甲状腺癌	12.5	13.3	前列腺癌	4.8	3.3
8	膀胱癌	7.3	5.7	膀胱癌	3.3	2.3
9	胰腺癌	6.7	3.3	脑肿瘤	3.2	2.9
10	肾癌	4.7	4.1	白血病	2.9	2.8
	其他癌症	43.9		其他癌症	21.7
女性	全部癌症	229.1	197.0	全部癌症	94.5	67.8
1	肺癌	40.2	30.3	肺癌	21.7	14.7
2	乳腺癌	35.7	33.0	结直肠癌	9.7	6.5
3	甲状腺癌	34.1	36.5	肝癌	8.7	6.2
4	结直肠癌	20.9	15.7	胃癌	7.9	5.3
5	宫颈癌	15.1	13.8	乳腺癌	7.5	6.1
6	胃癌	11.2	8.3	宫颈癌	5.6	4.5
7	肝癌	10.0	7.4	食管癌	4.7	2.9
8	子宫癌	7.8	6.8	胰腺癌	4.5	3.1
9	卵巢癌	6.1	5.7	卵巢癌	3.3	2.6
10	食管癌	5.7	3.8	脑肿瘤	2.5	2.2
	其他癌症	42.3		其他癌症	18.4