适合中国女性的乳腺癌筛查策略

doi:10.16139/j.1007-9610.2024.05.03

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

乳腺癌严重威胁着中国女性的健康和生命。乳腺癌筛查显著提高早期乳腺癌检出率和保乳率，从而提高病人的生活质量，降低死亡率。本文对中国女性的乳腺癌发病特点以及筛查相关循证医学证据进行分析，认为现阶段中国女性乳腺癌筛查策略应首先加强科普宣教，提高女性防癌意识，积极推广乳腺自我检查和临床乳腺检查；乳腺的影像学检查应以乳腺超声为主，乳腺X线和乳腺磁共振为辅。对于女性人群应该进行乳腺癌风险分层，一般风险女性应该从40岁开始每年进行1次乳腺癌筛查，高风险人群则应进一步提前筛查年龄并提高频率。随着中国女性乳腺癌流行病学特征的改变以及新的循证医学证据的积累，适合中国女性的乳腺癌筛查策略也需要定期更新。

关键词: 乳腺癌, 筛查, 中国女性

Abstract:

Breast cancer poses a significant threat to the health and lives of Chinese women. Breast cancer screening can significantly improve the detection rate and breast conserving rate of early breast cancer, thereby enhancing patients’ quality of life and reducing mortality. Through analyses of the characteristics of breast cancer in Chinese women and related evidence-based medicine pertaining to screening, we suggested that the current breast cancer screening strategy for Chinese women should prioritize the strengthening of public health education to enhance cancer awareness and actively promote breast self-examination (BSE) and clinical breast examination (CBE). Breast imaging examination should mainly choose breast ultrasound, supplemented by mammography and breast magnetic resonance imaging. Risk stratification for breast cancer should be performed in the female population. For women at average risk, annual breast cancer screening should commence at age 40. For high-risk individuals, screening should be initiated earlier and at a higher frequency. With the changing of the epidemiological characteristics of breast cancer among Chinese women and the accumulation of new evidence, the suitable screening strategy for breast cancer in Chinese women also needs to be updated regularly.

Key words: Breast cancer, Screening, Chinese woman

中图分类号:

R737.9

曹希, 骆勇超, 沈松杰. 适合中国女性的乳腺癌筛查策略[J]. 外科理论与实践, 2024, 29(05): 382-388.

CAO Xi, LUO Yongchao, SHEN Songjie. Suitable breast cancer screening strategy for Chinese women[J]. Journal of Surgery Concepts & Practice, 2024, 29(05): 382-388.

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