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Table of Content

    23 July 2020, Volume 10 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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    Review
    Safety and Ethical Issues in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy
    WANG Dongmei,GUO Zikuan,Beijing University of Chemical Technology
    2014, 10 (5):  241-246.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-0364.2014.05.001
    Abstract ( 601 )  
    The characteristics of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC), including immuno-regulatory, hematopoiesis-supporting and angiogenesis-promoting activities endow it to be the second candidate of adult stem cells beyond hematopoietic stem cells in clinical application. MSC, as a cellular drug, has been officially approved by some governments to treat graft-versus- host disease, Crohn's disease and osteoarthritis. Meanwhile, hundreds of clinical trials have been ongoing and thousands of subjects have received MSC therapy. However, it should be noted that serious or even fatal side effects and complications might occur, being aroused by MSC itself and the process of MSC therapy. Therefore, the informed consent of the subjects enrolled in a clinical trial should be reinforced especially the efficacies of MSC therapy on a disease are still in controversy. To rigorously protect the interest of the patients, the details of the therapy including the rationale of the treatment, the potential risks and the measurements that will be taken, and the current managements and their differences from the tested trial, should be readily accessible and comprehensible to the enrolled subjects.
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    Regulation of Products of Gene Therapy, Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering in European Union
    HAN Qianqian,WANG Chunren
    2014, 10 (5):  244-246.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-0364.2014.05.002
    Abstract ( 453 )  
    Products of gene therapy, cell therapy and tissue engineering are defined as advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMP) by European Union. There are special rules to manage these products, including technical requirements, approval proposal, requirements for clinical trials and production. There were still no definite administrative regulations for these products in China. In this paper, the administrative regulations in European Union were introduced to provide some reference for our country.
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    Original article
    Hepatic Differentiation Potential of hTERT Gene Transfected Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Rats
    MA Di,SHI Minmin,YAN Jiqi,CHEN Xuehua,JI Jun,ZHANG Jianian,PENG Chenghong
    2014, 10 (5):  247-265.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-0364.2014.05.003
    Abstract ( 388 )  
    Objective To estimate the oncogenicity of hTERT gene transfected rat BMSCs and to identify its hepatic differentiation potential. Methods The oncogenicity of hTERT gene transfected rat BMSCs was estimated by tumorigenesis test in nude mouse. Then the hTERT gene transfected rat BMSCs were induced for hepatic differentiation by sequential method. The change of cell morphology was observed, the expression of ALB and AFP were detected, and the ability of glycogen storage was tested by PAS stain. Results Tumorigenesis test of nude mouse suggested no oncogenic risk of hTERT gene transfected rat BMSCs. After hepatic induction, the induced cells became round in shape. A few ALB (+) cells were observed only at D21 after induction while more and more AFP (+) cells were observed started from D14 after induction. The result of PAS stain was positive. Conclusion The hTERT gene transfected rat BMSCs have the potential of hepatic differentiation with no oncogenicity.
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    hVEGF Gene Modified Tissue-engineered Compound in the Reconstruction of Periodontal Tissue Defects in SD Rats
    ZHAO Junjie,ZHU Xiaofeng,YAN Fuhua
    2014, 10 (5):  250-254.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-0364.2014.05.004
    Abstract ( 483 )  
    Objective To investigate the effects of hVEGF165 gene transfected bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) in the repair of periodontal defect in rats. Methods A model of rat periodontal defect was established. The gene-modified tissue- engineered complex, constructed by transfected BMSCs and BME-10X, was implanted into subcutaneous sites in SD rats. The 36 SD rats were divided into 6 groups randomly (n:6): control (A and B), blank collagen membranes (C), BMSCs with collagen membranes (D), empty adenoviral vector transfected BMSCs with collagen membranes (E), and hVEGF165 transfected BMSCs with collagen membranes (F). BMSCs with different treatments were seeded on the collagen membranes. The collagen membrane with or without cells was transplanted into an acute periodontal defect model respectively, and then the defects were covered with e-PTFE membranes. Histological and morphometric analysis were performed 4 weeks after operation, the area of new alveolar bone (NB), cementum area (NC) and the width of periodontal ligament (NP) were measured and compared. Results Different degrees of periodontal tissue regeneration were observed in all groups. There were no differences of the area of newly formed alveolar bone (NB), cementum area (NC) and the width of periodontal ligament (NP) among the 3 groups (A, B, C). NB and NC in group D, E, F were significantly increased compared with group A (P〈0.05). NB, NC and NP in group F were significantly increased compared with group E (P〈0.05). Conclusion The BME-IOXshowed a good biocompatibility with BMSCs transfected by hVEGF165. BMSCs transfected by hVEGF165 gene enhanced periodontal tissue regeneration in models of periodontal defect.
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    Biocompatibility on Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Co-cultured with Poly-L-lactide/Polycaprolactone Scaffold
    YAO Haijun,ZHAO Yang,ZHOU Zhe,XIAO Dongdong,ZHOU Juan,ZHANG Ming,WANG Zhong,HE Chuanglong,LU Mujun
    2014, 10 (5):  255-258.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-0364.2014.05.005
    Abstract ( 454 )  
    Objective To observe the growth of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) on Poly-L-lactide/ Polycaprolactone composite scaffold materials and the biological compatibility. Methods hASCs were isolated from human subcutaneous adipose tissue and PLLA/PCL scaffold was prepared. The cytotoxicity of scaffold was evaluated by CCK-8 cell viability assay. The P3 hASCs were seeded onto the PLLMPCL scaffolds. The growth of cell in PLLA/PCL biomaterials in vivo (1 w and 2 w) and in vitro (1 w) was observed by HE staining. The expression of SMA of the seeding cells in vivo was detected by immunofluorescence. Results hADSCs maintained high proliferation rate in the leaching solution of the PLLA/ PCL and the PLLA/PCL scaffolds were nontoxic absolutely. The histological study found that hADSCs could grow into the space of the PLLA/PCL scaffolds after cultured in vitro and in vivo. There were more cells in the scaffolds cuhured in vivo than in vitro, also more cells in the cell-seeded scaffold than simple scaffold. Some of the seeding cells were positive for SMA after 2 weeks implanted in the scaffold in vivo. Conclusion PLLA-PCL composite scaffolds are nontoxic and have a good biocompatibility with hADSCs, which can be used as a vehicle for hADSCs in the repair of bladder defect.
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    The Texture of Replanted Root Surface and Early Cell Colonization After Citric Acid Demineralization
    ZHU Wenting,WANG Jun,CEN Lian
    2014, 10 (5):  259-262.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-0364.2014.05.006
    Abstract ( 399 )  
    Objective To investigate the texture of root surface and collagen fiber exposure after etching with different modes of citric acid, and to explore the best condition for root replantation. Methods Root pieces (5 mm×5 mm) were prepared from molars of beagle dog and randomly divided into seven groups. Group A was treated as negative control, and root pieces in group B were soaking in 30% citric acid solution for 1 hour. The root surfaces of remaining five groups were rubbed with cotton pellets soaked in the 30% citric acid solution for 3 min, 5 min, 10 min, 20 rain and 30 min separately. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the presence of smear layer and the area of exposed collagen fibers. Inorganic loss after acid etching was detected by thermo gravimetric analyzer. BMSCs were seeded and cultured for 24 hour on the surface of citric acid-etched root. The condition of cell proliferation was tested by Cell Counting Kit-8. Results Smear layer was observed in group A. The root surface in group B was smooth, without any exposed collagen fibers. Collagen fibers exposure was observed in group C with no smear layer. The exposed amount of collagen was different according to the different processing time. The exposed amount of collagen in C-5 group was higher than in C-3 group, and the processing time of more than 10 minutes were appeared to remove not only the mineral component but also the collagenous matrix. Cell adhesion and cell proliferation in etched group were better than in control group. Conclusion The root surfacerubbed with cotton pellets soaked in the 30% citric acid solution for 5 min seems to be an ideal root surface conditioning method.
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    A Novel Two-stage Expansion Method for Secondary Total Ear Reconstruction
    LIU Tun,ZHOU Xu,HAN Xuefeng,HU Jintian,WANG Yue,QIAN Jin,ZHANG Qingguo
    2014, 10 (5):  263-265.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-0364.2014.05.007
    Abstract ( 409 )  
    Objective To introduce a novel two-stage expansion method for secondary total ear reconstruction. Methods From July 2010 to April 2012, 7 cases with undesirable reconstructed ears were repaired by tissue expansion method. Procedures including stage 1 (removal of previous cartilage framework, tissue expander insertion) and stage 2 (removal of tissue expander, cartilage framework insertion regarding local conditions). Results The follow up ranged from 6 months to 2.5 years. All the eases were well recovered with good three-dimensional forms, symmetrical auriculo-cephalic angle and stable fixation. Conclusion This novel expansion method is safe, stable and less traumatic for secondary total ear reconstruction. With sufficient expanded skin flap and re-fabricated cartilage framework, lifelike appearance of reconstructed ear could be acquired without causing additional injury.
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    The Application of Prefabricated Superficial Temporal Fascia Postauricular Flap in the Repair of Huge Facial Defect
    ZHANG Ying,YU Zheyuan,YUAN Jie,WEI Min,QI Zuoliang
    2014, 10 (5):  266-271.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-0364.2014.05.008
    Abstract ( 426 )  
    Objection To explore the application of prefabricated superficial temporal fascia postauricular flap in the repair of huge facial defect. Methods From 2007, 10 cases with huge facial defects were treated with prefabricated superficial temporal fascia postaurieular flap. Pedicled superficial temporal fascia flap was prefabricated under postaurieular skin with the tissue expander implanted simultaneously. After 3-5 months of skin expansion, the distribution of the new branches of prefabricated superficial temporal artery were observed by DSA. Then the tissue expander was removed and the islanded postauricular flap pedicled with superficial temporal artery was formed to repair the facial skin defect through tunnel. Results All the patients were followed up for 6 months to 1.5 years. Epidermis necrosis caused by the problem of venous return were observed in 2 cases and were recovered within 2 weeks. The other flaps were all survived. The largest area of flap was 7 cm×3.5 cm. The patients were all satisfied. Conclusion The prefabricated superficial temporal fascia postauricular flap is effective in the repair of huge facial defect with its thinner texture, enough tissue and no additional scar at face.
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    Application of Medial Sural Artery Perforator Flap in Repair of Defects After Buccal Carcinoma Ablation
    SONG Xiaomeng,ZHANG Wei,WU Heming,YE Jinhai,CHEN Jie,DING Xu,WU Yunong,YUAN Ye
    2014, 10 (5):  269-271.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-0364.2014.05.009
    Abstract ( 401 )  
    Objective To explore the application of medial sural artery perforator flaps (MSPFs) in repair of defects following buecal cancer ablation. Methods From 2011 to 2014, 11 patients were included in this study. Eleven MSPFs were harvested to reconstruct defects caused by buceal carcinoma ablation. A modified reference line was used when harvesting the flap. Doppler ultrasound was used to localize perforators. Vascular anastomosis were completed under the magnifying glass or microscope. Results All the flaps healed without venous insufficiency. Buccal defects were repaired primarily. Opening of the month and mastieatory function were well recovered. No obvious complications were found in donor site. No infection, dysfunction of leg or wound dehiscence were found. Only a concealed postoperative linear scar was left. Conclusion The MSPFs can be a good candidate for the repair of defects of the maxillofaeial area after cancer ablation.
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    Short-Term Effect Observation of Botulinum Toxin Type A for the Treatment of Hyperkinetic Line of the Face
    CHEN Junnan,LI Zhihua,LU Xiaojie,HU Xiaochun,WANG Yi,TIAN Xiaochen
    2014, 10 (5):  274-276.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-0364.2014.05.011
    Abstract ( 448 )  
    Objective To determine the efficacy of Botulinum toxin type A (BTA) for the treatment of hyperkinetic lines of the face. Methods A total of 78 patients who received BTA injection to remove facial wrinkles from December 2012 to June 2013 were enrolled. All of 78 patients were females and the age of the patients ranged from 27 to 46 years. The treatment was done in two different sessions and divided into 2 treatment subgroups of forehead (48), crow's feet (30). The short-term efficacy of BTA was analyzed at the injection day and 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 9 months after injection. Efficacy was evaluated by contrast of photo difference, measuring changes of facial wrinkles and patient self-evaluation between pre-operation and post- operation. Results All the patients were followed up for a period of 9 months and graded for the response to treatment with BTA by the operator, observer and the patient independently using the facial wrinkle scale (FWS). These cases who received BTA injection had significant improvement in the skin around the eye status and forehead,The results of applying BTA for the treatment of hyperkinetic lines of the face were satisfactory. Conclusion BTA is characterized with a high successful rate and rare complication. It is an ideal method for the treatment of hyperkinetic lines of the face.
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    Mild Blepharoptosis Correction with Release of Fibrous Web Bands between the Levator Aponeurosis and Orbital Fat
    WANG Zhigang,QU Miaoxuan,XU Liping,ZHANG Feng,LI Huijuan,MU Xiongzheng
    2014, 10 (5):  277-278.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-0364.2014.05.012
    Abstract ( 402 )  
    Objective To investigate the application of mild blepharoptosis correction. Methods Since 2011, 12 cases with mild blepharoptosis were received ptosis diorthosis. The fibrous web bands between orbital fat and levator aponeurosis were released to correct mild blepharoptosis. Results Among the 12 cases, the mild blepharoptosis in 9 patients was corrected while improved in the other patients. There is no recurrence of blepharoptosis after one year's follow-up, and the results are satisfied. Conclusion Releasing fibrous web bands between the levator aponeurosis and orbital fat can correct mild blepharoptosis effectively. This method is simple and reliable.
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    Review
    Research Progress on Osteogenic Differentiation of Amniotic Fluid-derived Stem Cell
    MIAO Zhe,SHI Jun,College of Stomatology
    2014, 10 (5):  279-281.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-0364.2014.05.013
    Abstract ( 341 )  
    Amniotic fluid-derived stem cell is in a medium state between embryonic stem cell and adult stem cell, maintaining undifferentiated property. As not tumorigenic, its stern cell potentiality and immunomodulator properties make it an attractive candidate for cell therapy approaches. Till now, documented reports on the cell origin, characteristics, osteogenic differentiation, cuhivation and its tissue engineering application have been raised, regarding the cell lineage as a reasonable source for bone-defect reconstruction. Hereby, a review paper is made to conclude research progress on osteogenic differentiation of amniotic fluid-derived stem cell.
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    Research Progress of Cell Signal Transduction Pathway in Keloids
    XU Jingjing,LI Yi,ZONG Xianlei,CAI Jinglong
    2014, 10 (5):  282-284.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-0364.2014.05.014
    Abstract ( 375 )  
    Keloids, secondary to trauma, is a kind of skin disease with excessive connective tissue hyperplasia. It often happens in susceptible population. Spontaneous regression is considered to be extremely unlikely and it is easy to relapse after surgical resection. It is currently a challenging clinical problem of plastic surgery. The pathogenesis of KD is complex. It is the result of joint action of many factors, such as cytokine, cell signal transduction pathway, collagen metabolism, gene expression, cell proliferation and apoptosis, etc. In this paper, the cell signal transduction pathways and specific proteins related to KD were reviewed.
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    Preoperative Vascular Imaging Techniques for Perforator Selections in Reconstructive Surgery
    YUAN Yuwen,ZAN Tao,LI Qingfeng
    2014, 10 (5):  285-288.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-0364.2014.05.015
    Abstract ( 368 )  
    The clinical applications of perforator flaps have gained popularity in the past decades. Due to the significant variation of perforator vascular anatomical features, it is common sense to map the relevant vessels before the reconstructive operations. A great variety of imaging techniques have been applied into the preoperative mapping of perforators, including color Doppler ultrasound, computed tomographic angiography and magnetic resonance angiography. In this paper, the clinical study and application of these techniques were reviewed.
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    Dynamic Reanimation for the Unilateral Paralysis of the Lower Face
    ZHAO Xiaohui,MA Jiguang
    2014, 10 (5):  289-291.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-0364.2014.05.016
    Abstract ( 423 )  
    Facial paralysis is a kind of facial nerve injury caused by a variety of reasons. Facial paralysis of the lower face is usually characterized as deviated mouth and abnormal smile. The therapeutic objectives of facial paralysis of the lower face are facial symmetry, smile restoration, and reconstruction of facial expressions. Nerve anastomosis, cross facial nerve transplant and muscle transfer are the methods for dynamic reanimation that commonly used, and they were reviewed in this paper.
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    Relevant Factors of Chest Wall Deformity after Autologous Cartilage Harvest in Ear Reconstruction
    WANG Cheng,ZHANG Ruhong,LI Datao
    2014, 10 (5):  292-294.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-0364.2014.05.017
    Abstract ( 340 )  
    Microtia is one of the most frequent congenital craniofacial deformity. Costal cartilage grafting has been widely accepted at the first choice for treating patients with microtia. However, harvesting of rib as a source of cartilage can result in significant chest deformity. The relevant factors such as the age of patients, methods of cartilage harvest and costal cartilage regeneration mechanism that influence the development of the chest wall after ear reconstruction were reviewed.
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