Versatile MXene Gels Assisted by Brief and Low-Strength Centrifugation

doi:10.1007/s40820-023-01302-3

Abstract

Abstract:

Due to the mutual repulsion between their hydrophilic surface terminations and the high surface energy facilitating their random restacking, 2D MXene nanosheets usually cannot self-assemble into 3D macroscopic gels with various applications in the absence of proper linking agents. In this work, a rapid spontaneous gelation of Ti₃C₂T_x MXene with a very low dispersion concentration of 0.5 mg mL⁻¹ into multifunctional architectures under moderate centrifugation is illustrated. The as-prepared MXene gels exhibit reconfigurable internal structures and tunable rheological, tribological, electrochemical, infrared-emissive and photothermal-conversion properties based on the pH-induced changes in the surface chemistry of Ti₃C₂T_x nanosheets. By adopting a gel with optimized pH value, high lubrication, exceptional specific capacitances (~ 635 and ~ 408 F g⁻¹ at 5 and 100 mV s⁻¹, respectively), long-term capacitance retention (~ 96.7% after 10,000 cycles) and high-precision screen- or extrusion-printing into different high-resolution anticounterfeiting patterns can be achieved, thus displaying extensive potential applications in the fields of semi-solid lubrication, controllable devices, supercapacitors, information encryption and infrared camouflaging.

Key words: MXene, Centrifugation-assisted rapid gelation, Lubrication, Supercapacitor, Anti-counterfeiting applications

Weiyan Yu, Yi Yang, Yunjing Wang, Lulin Hu, Jingcheng Hao, Lu Xu, Weimin Liu. Versatile MXene Gels Assisted by Brief and Low-Strength Centrifugation[J]. Nano-Micro Letters, 2024, 16(1): 94-.

Weiyan Yu, Yi Yang, Yunjing Wang, Lulin Hu, Jingcheng Hao, Lu Xu, Weimin Liu. [J]. Nano-Micro Letters, 2024, 16(1): 94-.

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URL: https://www.qk.sjtu.edu.cn/nml/EN/10.1007/s40820-023-01302-3

https://www.qk.sjtu.edu.cn/nml/EN/Y2024/V16/I1/94

Figures/Tables 5

Fig. 1 Preparation and characterization of the MXene gel. a Schematic illustration of producing Ti₃C₂T_x MXene gelators and centrifugation-assisted MXene gels. b Phase diagram of different-concentration pH 10 Ti₃C₂T_x dispersions after exposure to different relative centrifugal forces (RCFs). The blue-colored region refers to a particle concentration and RCF required for obtaining a gel. c Water content of MXene gels prepared with Ti₃C₂T_x dispersions in different concentrations. d Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation of a MXene gel formed with a dispersion concentration of 10 mg mL⁻¹. e Rheological property of the gels prepared with different initial particle concentrations. f Thixotropic property of the gel formed with a dispersion concentration of 10 mg mL⁻¹. T = 25 °C. (Color figure online)

Fig. 2 pH-dependent internal structures of the MXene gel. a SEM images, b SAXS profiles, c FTIR spectra and d XPS O 1s patterns of freeze-dried Ti₃C₂T_x gels with different internal pH values. Insets in a are schematic illustrations of the aggregation behavior of MXene nanosheets inside a gel. T = 25 °C

Fig. 3 Tribological property of the MXene gel. a CoF of Ti₃C₂T_x gels with different pH values for the steel/ZrO₂ tribopair at 10 N and 10 mm s⁻¹. b Comparison between the CoF of centrifugation- and metal ions-induced MXene gels. c 3D surface topography and d abrasive volume of the steel substrate lubricated with Ti₃C₂T_x gels in different pH values. e Effect of sliding velocity on the CoF of MXene gels at a constant load of 10 N. f Schematic illustrations of the impact of sliding velocity and internal microstructure on the lubrication mechanism. T = 25 °C

Fig. 4 Electrochemical performance of the MXene gel electrode in 3 mol L⁻¹ H₂SO₄ electrolyte. CV curves of a pH 4 and b 10 MXene gels at various scanning rates. c Specific capacitance of the pH 4 and 10 gels at different scanning speeds. d Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data and e capacitance retention tests of the gel electrodes at 10 A g⁻¹. Insets in d and e are the Nyquist plots at high-frequency range and the GCD curves for the first and last five cycles, respectively. T = 25 °C

Fig. 5 Rheological property, ink printing and anticounterfeiting applications of the MXene gel. a Viscosity of the Ti₃C₂T_x gels in a shear rate from 0.01 to 100 s⁻¹. b G′ and G′′ of the gels as a function of shear stress. c Emissivity spectra of the gels in the NIR band (750-2500 nm). d Screen-printing process and screen-printed patterns of the MXene gel inks. e Security jellyfish and dragonfly patterns for photoemissive anticounterfeiting. The blue and red rectangular boxes indicate the areas covered by the pH 4 and 10 gels, respectively. f Schematic and photographic illustrations of the photothermal encryption using the passwords from extrusion-printing of the MXene gels. g Extrusion-printed anticounterfeiting patterns before (left) and after (high) exposure to 3 W cm⁻² NIR irradiations. Scale bar = 1 cm. (Color figure online)

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