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25 February 2018, Volume 17 Issue 01 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Molecular pathogenesis of two novel splice site mutations of F8 in hemophilia A XIE Xiaoling, MA Siyu, WU Xi, LU Yeling, WANG Xuefeng, DING Qiulan 2018, 17 (01):  32-37.  DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2018.01.006 Abstract ( 828 )   PDF (865KB) ( 396 )   Objective: To study the molecular pathogenesis of two novel splice site mutations of F8 in hemophilia A and to provide the evidence for genetic counseling. Methods: Coagulation tests were performed to establish the diagnosis of hemophilia A. A serial of genetic tests were performed to analyze F8, including directly sequencing the PCR amplification products of 26 exons and flanking regions of F8, detection of copy number variations (CNVs) and detection of intron 1 and 22 inversion for defining the pathogenetic mutation. Nested PCR was applied to detect F8 ectopic transcripts in leukocyte to analyze the molecular pathogenesis of the splice site mutations. Multiplex fluorescent PCR was used to detect six STR locus (F8Up226, F8Up146, F8Int13, F8Int25, F8Down48 and DXS1073) for gene linkage analysis. Mosaic analysis was performed with peripheral blood cells, oral mucosal cells and hair follicle cells by SNaPshot SNP technique to analyze the origin of mutation. Results: Levels of FⅧ:C were 0.9% and 5.1% in probands 1 and 2, respectively. Proband 1 presented with a splice site mutation in intron 9 (c.1444-2dupA); mRNA analysis showed a smaller band, resulting from exons 10 and 11 skipping. Proband 2 had a T>G substitution in intron 18(c.5999-29T>G); mRNA analysis showed a smaller band and a weak normal size band. The smaller band presented exon 19 skipping. In pedigree 1, the mutation was inheri-ted from proband's grandfather who was with normal phenotype and genotype. Mosaic analysis showed no mosaic existing in his peripheral blood cells, oral mucosal cells and hair follicle cells. Conclusions: Mutations of c.1444-2dupA and c.5999-29T>G are first reported ,which cause severe and mild hemophilia A, respectively. c.1444-2dupA in pedigree 1 is a de novo mutation which might arise from sperm of proband's grandfather at meiosis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The prevalence of coronary artery disease detected by CCTA and related risk factors in residents at Songnan district, Shanghai LI Lin, NIU Jingya, WANG Tiange, LI Mian, ZHAO Zhiyun, XU Yu, LU Jieli, XU Min, BI Yufang, WANG Weiqing, GAO Jinli 2018, 17 (01):  38-44.  DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2018.01.007 Abstract ( 507 )   PDF (774KB) ( 86 )   Objective: To investigate the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) and related risk factors in residents aged 40 to 60 years at Songnan District, Shanghai. Methods: Community residents without symptoms of CAD and aged 40 to 60 years at Songnan District, Shanghai were randomly selected and categorized into normal blood glucose group, pre-diabetes group and type 2 diabetes diagnosed within 5 years group. Questionnaires was performed to collect information on health status, medical history and lifestyle. Subjects received physical checkup including height, body weight, waist circumference, and blood pressure measurement, then oral glucose tolerance test and coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) were conducted. Significant coronary stenosis was defined as ≥50% narrowing of vessel lumen. Coronary artery calcification was defined to be present if coronary calcification score >0. Results: In the study population, 233 (42.4%) were males. Altogether 51.4%, 10.7% and 14.8% subjects were diagnosed as having coronary stenosis, significant coronary stenosis and coronary calcification, respectively. By multivariate analyses, the presence of CAD was significantly associated with male, age ≥53 years, hypertension, and diabetes. Conclusions: The prevalence of coronary stenosis, significant coronary stenosis, and coronary calcification are 51.4%, 10.7% and 14.8% in the study population, respectively. Male, age ≥53 years, hypertension, and diabetes are independent risk factors for CAD. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Association between resting heart rate and diabetes mellitus among a middle-aged and elderly community population WU Xueyan, MA Lina, CHENG Di, DU Rui, XU Yu, XU Min, LU Jieli, CHEN Yuhong, BI Yufang, WANG Weiqing, GAO Jinli, QIAN Xiaozhong 2018, 17 (01):  45-50.  DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2018.01.008 Abstract ( 511 )   PDF (595KB) ( 106 )   Objective: To investigate the relationship between resting heart rate and diabetes mellitus in a community-based study among middle-aged and elderly population. Methods: A survey of 4 012 subjects aged 40 years or older in Songnan community of Shanghai Baoshan District was performed using cluster sampling. All the individuals recruited underwent questionnaire interview and anthropometric measurements. Blood samples were collected to measure biochemical indices, including fasting blood glucose, 2 h postprandial blood glucose and lipid profiles. Diabetes mellitus was diagnosed according to the World Health Organization criteria in 2006. Participants were divided into 5 groups by resting heart rate quintiles. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk of diabetes among people with different resting heart rate levels. Results: The prevalence of diabetes was increased from quintile 1 to quintile 5: 22.94%,27.77%,31.94%,37.21%,46.76% (P<0.0001). Resting heart rate level was positively correlated with fasting blood glucose, 2-h postprandial blood glucose, and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (all P<0.001). After adjustment for other conventional risk factors, those in the quintile 5 group had 1.77 folds higher risk of diabetes mellitus when compared with individuals in the quintile 1 group [odds ratio (OR)=2.77, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.18-3.51]. Conclusions: In the middle-aged and elderly population, a high-normal resting heart rate level is associated with an increased risk of diabetes mellitus, suggesting that we should monitor the participants who have high level of heart rate. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of endoscopic characteristics of acid-related diseases in 12 293 health check-up subjects in Shanghai TANG Chenyue, XU Chenying, YU Lifen 2018, 17 (01):  51-55.  DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2018.01.009 Abstract ( 284 )   PDF (505KB) ( 82 )   Objective: To explore the endoscopic detection rate and composition ratio of acid-related diseases in health check-up subjects for providing a clinical reference for the guiding of treatment strategy. Methods: From January 2015 to December 2016, a total of 12 293 health check-up subjects aged 30-79 years were enrolled. All the subjects underwent endoscopy as a health check-up program, and the subjects were divided into 5 age groups. Reflux esophagitis (RE) and peptic ulcer (PU) were confirmed by gastroscopy. Results: The detection rates of RE and PU were 8.8% (1 087 cases) and 8.0% (981 cases), respectively. For male subjects, the detection rates of RE and PU were 13.1% and 11.5%, respectively; in female subjects, the corresponding rates were 4.9% and 4.7%, respectively. The detection rates of RE and PU in male subjects were 9.2% and 10.5% in 30-39 age group, 12.4% and 10.7% in 40-49 age group, 12.9% and 11.4% in 50-59 age group, 15.0% and 13.5% in 60-69 age group, and 15.9% and 9.3% in 70-79 age group, respectively, while the corresponding detection rates in female subjects were 2.6% and 3.6%, 3.3% and 4.6%, 4.3% and 4.3%, 6.4% and 5.2%, and 9.6% and 6.1%, respectively. In male subjects, the detection rate of RE was significantly higher in the 40-49 age group than that in the 30-39 age group (12.4% vs. 9.2%, P<0.05), and was close to that in 50-59 age group (12.4% vs. 12.9%, P>0.05). Conclusions: The endoscopic detection rate of RE is higher than that of PU in the health check-up subjects. Male patients are the key population for prevention and treatment of acid-related diseases, especially in 40-49 age group. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Significance of macrophage count in fine needle aspirate cytology smear from papillary thyroid carcinoma MAO Minjing, ZHANG Binbin, YE Tingjun, WANG Xuefeng 2018, 17 (01):  56-59.  DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2018.01.010 Abstract ( 1019 )   PDF (565KB) ( 167 )   Objective: To analyze the correlation between macrophage count in fine needle aspirate cytology (FNAC） smear and tumor metastasis in papillary thyroid cancer(PTC) and to explore the value of macrophage count in the diagnosis and the progression of PTC. Methods: A total of 1 392 patients with thyroid nodules (excluding subacute thyroiditis) were enrolled in this study. Number of macrophage was counted in FNAC smear of thyroid nodules, and its clinical value for diagnosing PTC was evaluated. Results: Among these patients, 1 253 cases were confirmed as PTC and 139 cases as benign lesion by pathological examination. The positive rates of macrophages in benign and PTC groups were 2.2% and 58.6%, respectively, and was significantly higher in PTC group than in benign group (P<0.05). Of the 1 253 malignant cases, 505 cases had cervical lymph node metastasis and the other had no metastasis. It was denfinted as positive presence when macrophage was found in smears. The positive rates of macrophages in non-metastasis group and metastasis group were 55.2% and 63.6% (P<0.05). When the 1 253 malignant cases were divided into 6 levels by the macrophage count: grade 0 to grade V, the rates of cervical lymph node metastasis in these six grades were 35.5%, 41.6%, 40.3%, 47.8%, 54.5% and 56.5%, respectively, increased with the increase of macrophage count. Conclusions: For thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology examination, the macrophage count may help the diagnosis PTC, and the number of macrophage may reflect the rate of cervical lymph node metastasis of PTC. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The diagnostic value of dual-source CT in differentiating primary gastric lymphoma from advanced gastric cancer WU Xinyang, ZHANG Huan, PAN Zilai, TAN Jingwen, GAO Xiaoyuan 2018, 17 (01):  60-65.  DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2018.01.011 Abstract ( 443 )   PDF (1092KB) ( 144 )   Objective: To compare the CT findings and iodine concentration between primary gastric lymphoma (PGL) and advanced gastric cancer (AGC), and to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of dual-source CT in differentiating PGL from AGC. Methods: A total of 50 PGL patients and 50 AGC patients were enrolled. Characteristics of the lesions on CT imaging were recorded, including gastric wall thickness, 'white line' sign of mucosa, sites involved, enhancement degree, and iodine concentration. Results: No significant difference in gastric wall thickness(P=0.874) or sites of stomach involved (P=0.718) were found between PGL and AGC groups. The AGC group had higher positive rate of 'white line' sign of mucosa (64% vs 24%, χ2=16.234, P<0.0001), higher enhancement degree [(45.52±18.0) HU vs (30.72±10.6) HU, P<0.001] and higher iodine concentration [(2.31±0.50) g/mL vs (2.00±0.23) g/mL, P<0.001] than those of PGL group. For diagnosis of AGC, the sensitivity of positive 'white line' sign of mucosa, enhancement ≥34.5 HU and iodine concentration ≥2.25 g/mL were 64%, 76% and 56%, respectively, and the specificity were 76%, 80% and 88%, respectively. Conclusions: The 'white line' sign of mucosa, the enhancement degree, the iodine concentration acquired by dual-source CT are capable of differentiating PGL from AGC. A criterion of iodine concentration ≥2.25 g/mL is recommended for diagnosing AGC. A combined criteria of positive 'white line' sign of mucosa and enhancement ≥34.5 HU in parallel is recommended for the sensitive diagnosis of AGC, with a sensitivity of 90%. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Low dose muti-slice computed tomography in preoperative evaluation of location for dental implantation procedure HU Meng, ZHU Huaishi, SONG Qi 2018, 17 (01):  66-69.  DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2018.01.012 Abstract ( 470 )   PDF (542KB) ( 188 )   Objective: To investigate the value of low dose muti-slice computed tomography (MSCT) in preoperative evaluation of location for oral implantation procedure. Methods: A total of 80 patients planned to receive oral implantation procedure were enrolled, and were divided into 4 groups, with 20 patients in each group. SIEMENS Definition AS40 CT was used for MSCT scanning with the low dose of 40 mA, 50 mA, 60 mA and the conventional dose of 90 mA in the 4 groups, respectively. Volume CT dose index (CTDIv) and dose length product (DLP) were calculated, and image quality was compared between the 4 groups. Results: Except that there was no significant difference in CTDIv, DLP between 60 mA and 90 mA groups, significant difference was found in CTDIv, DLP between any of the other 2 groups. Image quality between the 4 groups were similar. Conclusions: For MSCT, low dose of 40 mA not only can guarantee the image quality but also can meet the needs of preoperative evaluation of location for oral implantation procedure and may sharply decrease the radiation dose（35.0%）. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of hypermethylated in cancer 1-downstream-regulated gene HMMR on cell migration and invasion in breast cancer: an in vitro study on breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 PEI Wenjiang, ZHAO Feng, WU Yan, ZHONG Ming, GAO Hang, LI Yousheng, GU Yan, GUO Shanyu, DAI Qiancheng, ZHANG Wei 2018, 17 (01):  70-75.  DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2018.01.013 Abstract ( 326 )   PDF (956KB) ( 88 )   Objective: To investigate the regulatory relationship between hypermethylated in cancer 1 (HIC-1) and hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor (HMMR) and to study the effect of HMMR on migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell strains. Methods: MDA-MB-231 cells were transfected with double-strand saRNA HIC-1 and double-strand siRNA HMMR, respectively. The expression of HIC-1 and HMMR in MDA-MB-231 cells were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting. CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell proliferation after siRNA or saRNA transfection. Transwell assay was used to determine the effect of siRNA or saRNA transfection on migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Results: MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were successfully transfected. The up-regulation of HIC-1 induced HMMR down-regulation, and significantly inhibited cell migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. HMMR was down-regulated by siRNA HMMR transfection leading to inhibition of cell migration and invasion. However, cell proliferation have not been affected in both saRNA HIC-1 and saRNA HMMR transfections. Conclusions: HMMR is regulated by HIC-1 and it plays an important role in cell migration and invasion. Inhibition of HIC-1 upregulates HMMR, thus promotes cell migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia accompanied with extranodal lymphoma : a clinical feature analysis LI Jiaming, ZHANG Sujiang, WANG Ying, YAN Zeying, LIU Zhiyin, SUN Haimin, CHEN Yubao, CHEN Yu, LUO Fangxiu, SUN Jing 2018, 17 (01):  76-81.  DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2018.01.014 Abstract ( 434 )   PDF (1315KB) ( 198 )   Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics and differential diagnosis of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) accompanied with non-Hodgkin 's lymphoma (NHL). Methods: The clinical data, imaging findings, pathomorphological features and immunohistochemical markers of two patients with CMML accompanied with NHL were retrospectively analyzed, and related literatures were reviewed. Results: The 2 cases were elderly women presented with fatigue or symptoms of tumor invasion at corresponding sites. Case 1 was diagnosed with CMML and thereafter having NHL diagnosed, and case 2 was diagnosed with CMML and NHL simultaneously. Laboratory examination showed that peripheral white blood cells were increased,especially mononuclear cells, and lactate dehydrogenase was also increased. Bone marrow smears showed active proliferation with morbid hematopoiesis. On immunophenotyping, the bone marrow cells often expressed CD14+CD64+. Analysis of chromosome fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that BCR-ABL fusion gene were negative. PET/CT examination displayed that high metabolic lesions in bone marrow were not found in the 2 cases, but showed hypermetabolic small intestinal lesions in case 1 and lung lesions in case 2. SUVmax value were 12.60 and 6.72, respectively. Pathological examination suggested that these 2 patients were B-cell-derived NHL. Immunohistochemical study showed that LCA, CD20, CD79a, Bcl-6 and Ki-67 were positive, CD5, CD10, CD3, CylinD1, CD56, CD23 and CD21 were negative. Conclusions: CMML accompanied with NHL is rare and lacks specific clinical manifestation. With the laboratory findings combined with imaging, histopathology and immunohistochemical examination, the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical characteristics of different pathological subtypes of T1 invasive lung adenocarcinoma and analysis of prognosis DU Hailei, CHE Jiaming, ZHU Lianggang, LI Hecheng, HANG Junbiao 2018, 17 (01):  82-86.  DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2018.01.015 Abstract ( 2097 )   PDF (888KB) ( 592 )   Objective: To study the clinicopathological features and prognostic significance of different pathological subtypes of T1 invasive lung adenocarcinoma for providing a reference for the monitoring and treatment strategy of lung adenocarcinoma. Methods: A total of 120 patients undergone surgical treatment and confirmed by postoperative pathology as invasive lung adenocarcinoma with tumor diameter less than or equal to 3 cm from Jan. 2009 to Jan, 2011 were enrolled. The patients were divided into five groups according to dominant pathological subtypes: lepidic group,acinar group, papillary group, micro-papillary group, and solid group. The clinical and pathological data of the patients were analyzed retrospectively. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival rate. Log-Rank test was used to compare survival difference. COX regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors of prognosis. Result: There were no significant differences in age, sex, CEA level and tumor differentiation between the five groups（P>0.05）. Meanwhile, there were significant differences in invasion of visceral pleura, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage and recurrence or metastasis after operation between the five groups（P<0.05）. Among the five subtypes, lymph node metastasis rate (62.5%) and postoperative recurrence rate (41.6%) were the highest in micro-papillary group. Survival analysis showed that lipidic group had the best prognosis, the 5 year survival rate was 96.0%; the prognosis of micro-papillary group was the worst, and the 5 year survival rate was 66.7%. The difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. Pathological subtypes, lymph node metastasis and TNM staging were the risk factors influencing the prognosis of stage T1 invasive lung adenocarcinoma. Different pathological subtypes and lymph node metastasis were the independent prognostic factors (OR>1). Conclusions: The prognosis of T1 invasive adenocarcinoma of lung is related to pathological subtype and lymph node metastasis. Micro-papillary subtypes indicate higher lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis. More aggressive treatment and observation might be needed after operation of micro-papillary subtype of invasive lung adenocarcinoma. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of long non-coding RNA FENDRR in human colorectal cancer and its correlation with prognosis CHEN Ying, HE Lili, JIANG Feng 2018, 17 (01):  87-91.  DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2018.01.016 Abstract ( 321 )   PDF (803KB) ( 76 )   Objective: To investigate the expression of FENDRR, a long non-coding RNA gene, in colorectal cancer tissue and to detect the correlation of FENDRR expression with prognosis of colorectal cancer, and to explore the correlation between FENDRR and E-cadherin as well as N-cadherin. Methods: A total of 90 pairs of colorectal cancer tissue and matched para-carcinoma tissue samples were collected.The expression of FENDRR was detected by real time fluorescencequantitative polymerase chain reaction(rtfq-PCR). Western blotting analysis was used to detect the expression of E-cadherin and N-cadherin protein in colorectal cancer,and their correlations with FENDRR were analyzed. Results: The expression of FENDRR was decreased in cancer tissue (8.29±0.13) in relative to their corresponding para-cancer tissue(8.59±0.18), and the difference was statistically significant (t=13.666, P<0.01). E-cadherin was negatively correlated with N-cadherinin colorectal cancer tissue r=-0.584, P<0.01）; FENDRR expression was positively correlated with E-cadherin(r=0.778, P<0.01) and negatively correlated with N-cadherin protein (r=-0.692, P<0.01). The overall survival time of colorectal cancer patients with high FENDRR expression was higher than that of patients with low FENDRR expression (90.0 months vs 49.5 months, P=0.041). Conclusions: FENDRR shows an inhibiting effect on development of colorectal cancer, and has certain relationship with E-cadherin and N-cadherin.FENDRR might exert its inhibitory effect on metastasis by influencing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) process. Detection of FENDRR might be useful for predicting the prognosis of colorectal cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Use of pentoxifylline for activation of immotile testicular sperm before ICSI in patients with azoospermia CHEN Zhiqin, PAN Jiaping, TENG Xiaoming 2018, 17 (01):  92-97.  DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2018.01.017 Abstract ( 510 )   PDF (643KB) ( 120 )   Objective: The testicular sperm from biopsy and frozen/thawed tissue are frequently immotile. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of short exposure of testicular samples with immotile sperm to pentoxifylline (PF)-a sperm motility stimulator. Method: Eight-one cases with testicular sperm ablation/testicular sperm extraction-intracytoplasmic sperm injection (TESA/TESE-ICSI) cycles in patients with azoospermia were divided into 2 groups. In group A, only immotile sperm were found in biopsies after 2 hours of incubation of tissue in culture medium, and were then treated for 20 minutes with pentoxifylline (PF) and selected the sperm with motility before ICSI(n=32). In group B, ICSI was performed with that having motile sperm found at first (n=49). Oocyte maturity, fertilization rate (2PN rate), total fertilization failure rate, embryo cleavage rate and proportion of transferable embryos as well as pregnancy rate and implantation rate were compared between the two groups. Results: Both groups had the same oocyte maturation rate（80.2% vs 82.8%）, fertilization rate（65.9% vs 65.9%）, proportion of abnormal fertilization (7.6% vs 4.8%), and the similar proportion of total fertilization failure (3.1% vs 10.2%, P>0.05）. However, when compared with that having motile sperm at first group, embryo cleavage rate was significantly lower and proportion of bastocyst culture of poor quality embryos was higher, and transfe-rable embryos was less in the PF group (91.4% vs 97.2%, P=0.007). The clinical pregnancy rate per cycle(39.1% vs 39.3%), implantation rate（25.6% vs 28.0%） and abortion rate and live birth rate were not different between the two groups. Conclusions: Treated with PF in cases of immotile testicular sperm can cause the movement of testicular sperm, allowing easier identification of vital sperm, shortening the procedure, improving the fertilization rates, lowering the chance of total fertilization failure and improving the ICSI outcome. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation between sperm DNA fragmentation index and sperm morphology LIU Yiping, TANG Yuanyuan, XU Kui, TENG Xiaoming 2018, 17 (01):  98-101.  DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2018.01.018 Abstract ( 719 )   PDF (441KB) ( 410 )   Objective: To study the correlation between sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) and sperm morphology in male semen. Methods: A total of 3 068 male subjects were enrolled and their semen samples were obtained and analyzed. According to the sperm DFI, the semen samples were divided into three groups: DFI<15%, 15%-30%, >30%. According to the percentage of spermatocytes with normal morphology, the sperm were divided into three groups: <4%, 4%-10%, > 10%. The relationship between DNA fragment index and sperm morphology in these groups was analyzed. Results: There was no significant difference in rates of normal morphology, head deformity and mixed deformity between groups with different sperm DFI index(P>0.05). There was no significant difference in sperm DFI between groups with different percen-tage of normal morphology of sperm. There was no significant correlation between different sperm normal morphology group and sperm DFI group(P>0.05). Conclusions: This study showed that there is no correlation between sperm DFI and sperm morphology. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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An asthma mice model with airway colonized by Haemophilus influenzae KANG Jianqiang, XU Xinxin, DONG Yangyang, YANG Ling, FAN Jiaying, SONG Zheng, ZHOU Yan 2018, 17 (01):  102-107.  DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2018.01.019 Abstract ( 347 )   PDF (1295KB) ( 155 )   Objective: To establish an asthma mice model with airway colonized by Haemophilus influenzae. Method: Eighty BALB/C mice were grouped into 4 groups: normal control, Haemophilus influenza colonization, asthma control, asthma with Haemophilus influenza colonization. Mice asthma was induced by sensitizing and challenging with ovalbumin（OVA）, and airway Haemophilus influenza colonization was established by intratracheal instillation of agar-coated Haemophilus influenza. Half of the mice in each group were sacrificed at 7th day, and the other half at 21 th day. Lung tissue was obtained for histopathologic examination and bacterial culture; serum and bronchoaveolar fluid (BALF) TNF-α levels were detected, and cell count in BALF was determined. Results: Compared with normal control and asthma control groups, asthma with Haemophilus influenza colonization group showed obviously asthma and infection symptoms, with pathological characteristics including obvious airway thickening, mucosa edema, mucus secretion and inflammatory cells infiltration in lung tissue. WBC and neutrophils count in BALF increased significantly and level of TNF-α in serum and BALF were significantly higher in asthma with Haemophilus influenzae colonization group; Haemophilus influenzae was found in bacteria culture. Conclusions: Asthma mice model with airways colonized by Haemophilus influenzae could be established by intratracheal instillation of agar-coated Haemophilus influenzae in asthma mice induced by OVA sensitizing and challenging. References | Related Articles | Metrics