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25 April 2026, Volume 21 Issue 02 Previous Issue   

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Mechanisms and research progress of the association between lipid metabolism disorders and drug-induced liver injury LAI Rongtao, LOU Weiqian 2026, 21 (02):  107-112.  DOI: 10.16138/j.1673-6087.2026.02.01 Abstract ( 0 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (499KB) ( 22 )   Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a common and highly heterogeneous adverse drug reaction in clinical practice. Drug-induced fatty liver disease (DIFLD) is a distinct subtype of DILI characterized primarily by abnormal hepatic lipid accumulation. Meanwhile, pre-existing metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) may serve as a susceptible background that increases the risk of DILI and influences clinical outcomes. Accordingly, DIFLD and DILI occurring in the setting of MASLD are related, while differing in their pathologic basis and clinical features. Current research suggests that the development and progression of both reactions involve multiple mechanisms, including mitochondrial dysfunction, dysregulation of nuclear receptors and transcriptional control, imbalance between lipid synthesis and export, oxidative stress, and activation of inflammatory pathways. This article reviews the epidemiologic characteristics, interaction mechanisms, and clinical outcomes associated with lipid metabolism disorders and DILI, with the aim of providing a basis for identification of high-risk populations, individualized drug therapy, and safety evaluation of new drugs. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The most promising novel drug options for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease CAO Haixia, ZHOU Can, ZENG Jing 2026, 21 (02):  113-118.  DOI: 10.16138/j.1673-6087.2026.02.02 Abstract ( 0 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (472KB) ( 21 )   Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has become one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide. Its progressive phenotype, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), can further progress to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma, and is closely associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. Lifestyle intervention remains the cornerstone of MASLD management. However, for patients with active hepatitis and moderate-to-severe fibrosis, pharmacotherapy has become an important complement to alter the disease course. In recent years, the selective thyroid hormone receptor-β agonist resmetirom and the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist semaglutide have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of non-cirrhotic MASH with moderate-to-severe fibrosis in adults, marking the entry of MASH pharmacotherapy into the stage of evidence-based treatment. Meanwhile, dual or multi-incretin agonists, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists, fibroblast growth factor 21 analogues, inhibitors of hepatic de novo lipogenesis, and genetically targeted therapies are also showing important promise. Future pharmacotherapy for MASLD should focus not only on promoting MASH resolution and fibrosis improvement, but also on achieving hepatic benefits and integrated control of cardiovascular-renal-hepatic-metabolic risks. For the stage of MASH cirrhosis, its specific pathological mechanisms, effective endpoint setting and generalizable therapeutic strategies still require further breakthroughs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Multi-omics technologies in the study of clinical heterogeneity of metabolic associated fatty liver disease DING Jingjing, CHAI Jin 2026, 21 (02):  119-123.  DOI: 10.16138/j.1673-6087.2026.02.03 Abstract ( 0 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (452KB) ( 17 )   Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide and has become an important public health issue. MAFLD not only impairs liver function but is also closely associated with an increased risk of multi-system diseases, including cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, current treatment for MAFLD still faces challenges such as a lack of effective drugs and significant limitations in drug efficacy. The core challenge lies in the high degree of clinical heterogeneity among MAFLD patients. This article systematically reviews the breakthrough research findings achieved by multi-omics technologies (including genome-wide association analysis, transcriptome sequencing, proteomics, and metabolomics) in deciphering the heterogeneity of MAFLD, and summarizes the MAFLD subtypes and their molecular mechanisms defined based on the above multi-omics characteristics, thereby providing a critical scientific basis for precision risk stratification and the development of personalized therapeutic targets for MAFLD patients. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of doxorubicin-induced FSGS models across C57BL/6 substrains SUN Yufei, LIU Shuang, LI Huilin, JIANG Gengru 2026, 21 (02):  124-131.  DOI: 10.16138/j.1673-6087.2026.02.04 Abstract ( 0 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (1042KB) ( 34 )   Objective To investigate the optimal protocol for a doxorubicin-induced chronic kidney disease mouse model used for studying human focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Methods C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N mice were randomly assigned using a random number sequence into control groups (J0 and N0, 24 mice each) and FSGS model groups (J1, J2, N1, and N2, 24 mice each). J1 and N1 groups received a single tail vein injection of 15 mg/kg doxorubicin, J2 and N2 groups received two injections (with a two-week interval), and J0 and N0 groups received an equal volume of 0.9% sodium chloride injection. The overall condition and body weight changes of the mice were observed, and general data were recorded. Urine was collected to evaluate proteinuria through urinary protein and urinary creatinine. Kidney tissue proteins were extracted for Western blot analysis to detect the expression of podocyte marker proteins. Kidney histopathological manifestations were observed using hematoxylin-eosin staining, periodic acid-Schiff staining and transmission electron microscopy. Results After modeling, C57BL/6N mice showed worse general condition and more significant weight loss than C57BL/6J mice (P<0.001). In both strains, mice receiving two doxorubicin injections showed poorer general condition and more pronounced weight loss (P<0.001). The urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio in the doxorubicin-injected groups of both C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N was higher than that in the control groups at all time points (P<0.05). In the single-injection C57BL/6J group, the expression of some podocyte marker proteins [synaptopodin, Wilms tumor protein 1 (WT1)] showed no significant changes, while in the two-injection group, the expression levels of podocyte marker proteins (nephrin, synaptopodin, podocalyxin, WT1, α-tubulin, podocin) were all lower than those in the control group. Both single- and two-injection C57BL/6N groups showed lower expression level of podocyte marker proteins than that in the control group, with more significant decreases in the two-injection group (P<0.05). Light and electron microscopy both confirmed successful modeling in the single- and two-injection C57BL/6N groups, with more significant pathological changes in the two-injection group. Conclusions In the doxorubicin-induced FSGS model in C57BL/6 mice, the C57BL/6N substrain outperforms C57BL/6J substrain in modeling efficacy. The recommended optimal modeling protocol for FSGS is the single tail vein injection of 15 mg/kg doxorubicin in C57BL/6N mice. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of prognosis and clinical risk factors in elderly peritoneal dialysis patients with peritonitis ZHANG Chunyan, ZHANG Qianying, YANG Li, CUI Yan, XU Tian, WANG Zhaohui, REN Hong, HUANG Xiaomin 2026, 21 (02):  132-137.  DOI: 10.16138/j.1673-6087.2026.02.05 Abstract ( 0 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (513KB) ( 22 )   Objective To analyze the clinical risk factors and prognosis of elderly peritoneal dialysis patients with peritonitis. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of patients who underwent peritoneal dialysis and developed peritonitis at this peritoneal dialysis center between January 2020 and November 2022. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to their age at peritonitis onset: an elderly peritonitis group (age≥65) and a non-elderly peritonitis group (age<65). General information and peritonitis-related data were collected, and the clinical risk factors and prognosis of peritonitis between the 2 groups were compared. Results A total of 62 patients with peritonitis were enrolled, including 26 in the elderly peritonitis group, where the median age was 71 (range 65-88), 12 patients were male (46.2%), and 5 patients had diabetic nephropathy complicated by diabetes mellitus (19.2%); 36 in the non-elderly peritonitis group, where the median age was 48 (range 26-63), 23 patients were male (63.9%), and 5 patients had diabetic nephropathy complicated by diabetes mellitus (13.9%). The elderly peritonitis group exhibited a worse prognosis than the non-elderly peritonitis group (mortality 30.8% vs. 2.8%; technique failure rates 23.1% vs. 16.7%, P=0.004). The elderly peritonitis group had a higher proportion of patients with education level of middle school or below (72.2% vs. 53.8%, P=0.038), a higher proportion requiring caregivers (100% vs. 83.3%, P=0.035), a higher frequency of operator changes (38.5% vs. 11.1%, P=0.011), longer initial training time (4 d vs. 3 d, P<0.01), and longer dialysis duration (70.5 months vs 29.5 months, P=0.002). The non-elderly peritonitis patients had better nutritional status: both normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR) (0.90 vs. 0.79, P=0.007) and plasma albumin (34.78 g/L vs. 30.77 g/L, P<0.01) were higher. The elderly peritonitis group had lower levels of blood creatinine (872.42 μmol/L vs. 1053.69μmol/L, P<0.01), blood uric acid (345.0 μmol/L vs. 372.0 μmol/L, P=0.023), blood potassium (3.65 mmol/L vs. 3.95 mmol/L, P=0.012), blood phosphorus (1.54 mmol/L vs. 1.80 mmol/L, P=0.022), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) (227.2 pg/mL vs. 414.0 pg/mL, P=0.037), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (17.95 nmol/L vs. 22.57 nmol/L, P=0.007). Conclusions Elderly patients with peritonitis had a poorer prognosis. Compared with younger patients with peritonitis, elderly patients had lower education levels, longer dialysis duration, worse nutritional status, poorer operational ability, and a greater need for caregivers. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Predictive value of the combined MHR-TyG multivariate model for chronic kidney disease in the community-dwelling elderly population ZHAO Lingyun, ZHAO Anqi, YANG Ling, ZHA Qing, ZHANG Yu, LU Zhen, YANG Ke, LIU Yan 2026, 21 (02):  138-144.  DOI: 10.16138/j.1673-6087.2026.02.06 Abstract ( 0 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (767KB) ( 20 )   Objective To discuss the correlation among monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR), triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the community-dwelling elderly population, and to evaluate the predictive value of a multivariate joint prediction model based on MHR, TyG index combined with uric acid, body mass index (BMI), and age for CKD in the elderly. Methods Clinical data and peripheral blood test results were collected from a total of 1 653 elderly individuals in the Lujiazui community of Pudong New Area, Shanghai, in 2022. Based on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), the study population was divided into a non-CKD group [eGFR≥60 mL/(min·1.73 m2)] and a CKD group [eGFR<60 mL/(min·1.73 m2)]. The predictive value of the combined MHR-TyG model for CKD in the elderly was analyzed. Results Logistic regression analysis showed that age, BMI, uric acid, MHR, and TyG index were all independent risk factors for CKD (all P<0.05). Restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves and mediation analysis demonstrated that MHR was significantly non-linearly and positively associated with the risk of CKD (P for overall<0.001, P for nonlinear=0.016). When MHR>0.3, the risk of CKD increased significantly. The proportion of the mediation effect of MHR was 23.88% in the relationship between BMI and CKD, and 4.77% in the relationship between age and CKD. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the combined MHR-TyG prediction model achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.826 (95% CI: 0.793–0.859, P<0.001), with a sensitivity of 79.1% and a specificity of 73.4%, demonstrating predictive performance superior to any single indicator. Subgroup analysis suggested that MHR remained a significant predictor in non-high-risk populations, such as those with normal BMI, uric acid, and triglyceride levels. Conclusions Age, BMI, uric acid, MHR, and TyG index are all independent risk factors for CKD. The risk prediction model constructed by combining MHR-TyG with age, BMI, and uric acid has good predictive performance and is superior to any single indicator. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of a digital ankle pump exercise check-in program in elderly patients with gastrointestinal cancer at high risk of venous thromboembolism JIN Yingyan, CAO Weiwei, ZHANG Yongyi, RONG Lan, YU Lan 2026, 21 (02):  145-152.  DOI: 10.16138/j.1673-6087.2026.02.07 Abstract ( 0 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (587KB) ( 22 )   Objective To investigate the clinical application value of a digital check-in program-based ankle pump exercise intervention protocol in enhancing lower limb hemodynamics, improving exercise compliance, and preventing thrombosis in elderly gastrointestinal cancer patients at high risk of venous thromboembolism. Methods A prospective study design was adopted. From May 1 to December 31, 2024, 60 elderly gastrointestinal cancer patients with a Padua score ≥4 admitted to the Department of Geriatrics of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, were selected as the study subjects. Using a consecutive sampling method, they were divided into a control group and an experimental group, with 30 cases in each group. Both groups received a 14-day intervention. The control group performed self-guided ankle pump exercises under routine health education instruction, while the experimental group received a standardized and supervised ankle pump exercise intervention via a self-developed digital exercise check-in program. At pre-intervention (baseline) and on day 1, 7, and 14 of the intervention, color Doppler ultrasound was used to measure and compare the popliteal vein diameter and peak flow velocity between the two groups. The implementation rate and standard fulfillment rate of ankle pump exercises, along with patient compliance were recorded and analyzed. The incidence of deep vein thrombosis was also monitored in both groups. Results By day 14, the popliteal vein diameter in the experimental group [(7.10±1.31) mm] was significantly larger than that in the control group [(6.47±1.06) mm] (P<0.05), though no significant differences were observed at baseline or on day 1 and 7. Popliteal vein flow velocity showed significant main effect of time (F for time=21.999, P<0.001) and time-group interaction effect (F for interaction=92.402, P<0.001). Between-group comparisons showed that on day 7 and 14, the popliteal vein flow velocity in the experimental group [(7.78±1.03) cm/s and (8.25±1.08) cm/s] was significantly higher than that in the control group [(7.04±1.29) cm/s and (6.93±1.25) cm/s] (both P<0.05). On day 14 of the intervention, the implementation rate of ankle pump exercises in the experimental group (100.0%) and the movement standard fulfillment rate (96.7%) were both significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). During the intervention, no deep vein thrombosis occurred in the experimental group, while 2 cases (6.7%) were observed in the control group, with no statistically significant between-group difference (P=0.492). Conclusions As a structured and monitorable intervention tool, the digital ankle pump exercise check-in program can effectively promote popliteal venous dilation and blood flow acceleration in elderly gastrointestinal cancer patients at high risk of thrombosis. It also significantly improves the standardized implementation rate and long-term compliance with ankle pump exercises. This intervention demonstrates positive clinical significance in preventing lower limb deep vein thrombosis and provides an operable digital solution for the standardized physical prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the current situation and influencing factors of ICU nurses’ adult artificial airway management competence CHEN Hui, YAO Yijin, QIAN Zhuping, ZHANG Yin 2026, 21 (02):  153-160.  DOI: 10.16138/j.1673-6087.2026.02.08 Abstract ( 0 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (530KB) ( 20 )   Objective To investigate the current status of adult artificial airway management competence of intensive care unit (ICU) nurses in tertiary grade-A hospitals in China, and to analyse its influencing factors, so as to provide a reference for future training. Methods A total of 366 ICU nurses from 2 tertiary grade-A hospitals in Shanghai and Harbin were surveyed via convenience sampling from April to June 2024, and 309 valid questionnaires were returned. A general information questionnaire and the ICU nurses' adult artificial airway management competence questionnaire were used for the survey. Multiple linear regression was used to analyse the factors influencing ICU nurses’ adult artificial airway management competence. Results The total score of adult artificial airway management competence of ICU nurses was (275.89 ±33.26) points with an average item score of (4.38±0.53) points. Among the dimensions, the score for artificial airway sputum suction ability was (87.60±9.85) points with an average item score of (4.38±0.49) points; artificial airway humidification competence was (48.40±6.37) points with an average item score of (4.40±0.58) points; artificial airway cuff management competence was (64.54±9.43) points with an average item score of (4.30±0.63) points; artificial airway extubation nursing competence was (30.60±4.61) points with an average item score of (4.37±0.66) points; and artificial airway complication prevention competence was (44.72±5.78) points with an average item score of (4.70±0.58) points. Linear regression analysis revealed that department, number of years working in nursing, and number of years working in the ICU were influencing factors for ICU nurses’ artificial airway management competence (P<0.05). Conclusions The adult artificial airway management competence of ICU nurses in tertiary grade-A hospitals is at an upper-intermediate level. In the future, targeted training should be carried out for nurses in different departments and with different years of working experience, with special emphasis on enhancing artificial airway cuff management competence, so as to further improve the comprehensive ability of artificial airway management of ICU nurses. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of clinical research competency training models for medical talents: a questionnaire survey based on pre- and post-graduation competency transition WU Luming, LIU Rong, HAO Manzhao, WU Jiajie, JIANG Weiwei, CHEN Zhe, ZHU Jiamin, ZHANG Cui 2026, 21 (02):  161-166.  DOI: 10.16138/j.1673-6087.2026.02.09 Abstract ( 0 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (531KB) ( 19 )   Objective To evaluate the alignment of the current clinical medicine postgraduate training model with the national demand for clinical research development by comparing the differences in clinical research competencies between clinical medicine postgraduates (pre-graduation) and clinical-research-track physicians (early career), thereby providing a reference for optimizing the talent training system. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 290 clinical medicine postgraduates and 390 clinical-research-track physicians in a hospital between January and June 2025. The questionnaire covered dimensions including competency perception, resource acquisition, and practical challenges. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 software. Results There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in their recognition of the importance of clinical research competency (94.87% vs. 96.41%, χ2= 1.02, P=0.31). However, stage-specific characteristics were observed in competency structure: clinical medicine postgraduates were more concerned with clinical problem translation (85.52%) and research design (70.34%), while clinical-research-track physicians placed greater emphasis on deepening research methods and project management (59.49%). Analysis of influencing factors revealed that access to research resources (project funding: 28.28% vs. 86.67%, χ2=247.32, P<0.001; data support: 42.76% vs. 65.13%, χ2=32.66, P<0.001), systematic research guidance (38.62% vs. 62.56%, χ2=37.65, P<0.001), and guaranteed research time (79.31% vs. 59.49%, χ2=28.67, P<0.001) were key factors contributing to the competency differences between the groups (P<0.05). Conclusions The current clinical medicine postgraduate training model has transition gaps with the competency requirements of the early post-graduation career in the supply of research resources, systematic guidance, and time guarantee. It is suggested to optimize the training pathway through staged empowerment, resource allocation, and mechanism innovation to better meet the urgent demand for high-level clinical research talents under the “Healthy China” strategy. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A case of chronic Q fever complicated with renal insufficiency LI Yilin, ZHANG Chunli, SHEN Pingyan, XU Jing, HU Xiaofan, LI Ya 2026, 21 (02):  167-170.  DOI: 10.16138/j.1673-6087.2026.02.10 Abstract ( 0 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (941KB) ( 23 )   Chronic Q fever is caused by Coxiella burnetii infection. There are few clinical cases of chronic Q fever, and cases complicated with renal insufficiency are even more rarely reported. At present, there are few reports about this disease both domestically and internationally, and its clinical characteristics and pathogenesis remain unclear. This article reports a case of a chronic Q fever patient with clinical manifestations of nephrotic syndrome and impaired renal function, whose renal biopsy revealed membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. After treatment with glucocorticoid, cyclophosphamide, hydroxychloroquine combined with doxycycline, the patient’s renal function improved. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Metabolic-associated non-cirrhotic portal hypertension: from preliminary recognition to precision management ZHANG Lu, WANG Jian, LIN Yong 2026, 21 (02):  171-175.  DOI: 10.16138/j.1673-6087.2026.02.11 Abstract ( 0 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (465KB) ( 20 )   Portal hypertension has often been regarded as a hallmark manifestation of cirrhosis, characterized by elevated pressure in the portal venous system and the establishment of collateral circulation. However, non-cirrhotic portal hypertension (NCPH) is not rare in clinical practice. Based on the different underlying pathogenetic mechanisms, NCPH can be classified into pre-hepatic, hepatic, and post-hepatic types, whose clinical features and management strategies differ significantly from those of cirrhosis-related portal hypertension. In recent years, a series of studies have demonstrated that metabolic associated fatty liver disease can induce liver sinusoidal endothelial dysfunction and intrahepatic vascular alterations, leading to a significant increase in portal pressure before the development of cirrhosis, thereby becoming an important cause of NCPH. This article summarizes the pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, therapeutic and management strategies, as well as future research directions, etc., aiming to enhance clinical physicians’ awareness of this disease and precision management capabilities for this disease. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the heterogeneity in the effect of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease on hepatocellular carcinoma risk in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection and its potential causes SHI Yaru, XU Wenxin, FAN Rong 2026, 21 (02):  176-182.  DOI: 10.16138/j.1673-6087.2026.02.12 Abstract ( 0 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1178KB) ( 20 )   The comorbidity rate of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is steadily increasing. Both MASLD and CHB can independently lead to adverse outcomes, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the impact of coexisting MASLD on HCC risk in CHB patients shows high heterogeneity across current studies: some studies suggest that MASLD may accelerate disease progression through mechanisms such as metabolic inflammation, lipotoxicity, and insulin resistance, interacting with the chronic inflammation induced by hepatitis B virus (HBV); conversely, some studies report that hepatic steatosis is associated with lower viral replication levels and a higher rate of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance, indicating a potential protective effect. This review outlines the potential mechanisms underlying MASLD and CHB interactions, focuses on the divergent findings from existing clinical research regarding whether MASLD exerts a “promoting” or “protective” effect on HCC risk in CHB patients, and summarizes factors that may contribute to this heterogeneity, including the definition evolvement of fatty liver disease, differences in virological status and antiviral treatment, degree of liver fibrosis, and inconsistency in diagnostic methods and population characteristics. In the future, active intervention should be taken to address metabolic abnormalities in patients with the aforementioned comorbidities. Meanwhile, studies based on unified definitions, precise stratification, and methodological standardization should be conducted to clarify the true impact of different metabolic phenotypes on CHB progression and HCC risk, thereby providing evidence-based support for precise risk prediction and integrated intervention. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the application of thymic stromal lymphopoietin monoclonal antibody in the treatment of severe asthma ZHANG Min, DENG Xiankun 2026, 21 (02):  183-187.  DOI: 10.16138/j.1673-6087.2026.02.13 Abstract ( 0 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (470KB) ( 21 )   This article reviews the research progress on tezepelumab, an anti-thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) monoclonal antibody, in the treatment of severe asthma. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease with high global prevalence and low control rate, especially in patients with severe asthma who respond poorly to conventional therapies. TSLP, an epithelial-derived alarmin, sits at the apex of the inflammatory cascade and drives the pathological processes of multiple asthma phenotypes. Tezepelumab, a fully human anti-TSLP monoclonal antibody, specifically binds TSLP and prevents its interaction with TSLP receptor (TSLPR), thereby reducing the production of type 2 inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13. Multiple animal experiments and clinical trials have shown that anti-TSLP antibodies can significantly alleviate airway inflammation, reduce airway hyperresponsiveness, inhibit airway remodeling, decrease annualized rate of acute asthma exacerbation, prolong time to first exacerbation, improve lung function [e.g., forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1)], lower blood eosinophil count, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) as well as total immunoglobulin E (IgE) level, and demonstrate efficacy across patients with different inflammatory phenotypes. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Diabetic cardiomyopathy: an underrecognized complication of diabetes mellitus XU Ruoyi, YANG Yu, SUN Hongping, LIU Chao, WANG Kun 2026, 21 (02):  188-193.  DOI: 10.16138/j.1673-6087.2026.02.14 Abstract ( 0 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (490KB) ( 18 )   Diabetic cardiomyopathy initially referred to myocardial structural or functional abnormalities associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the absence of coronary heart disease, hypertension and/or obesity. However, relatively few T2DM patients can be diagnosed with diabetic cardiomyopathy, which limits the timeliness of clinical diagnosis and treatment, and is an important reason why this complication is underrecognized. In 2024, the European Society of Cardiology Working Group released the latest consensus statement suggesting that diabetic cardiomyopathy be defined as myocardial systolic and/or diastolic dysfunction in the presence of diabetes mellitus. Nevertheless, clinicians have insufficient understanding of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Therefore, this article will focus on elaborating its pathophysiological mechanisms, the latest definition and clinical significance, diagnostic criteria and difficulties in differential diagnosis, as well as risk assessment strategies, aiming to enhance clinicians’ awareness and provide a reference for the identification and management of diabetic complications. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on biomarkers of acute mesenteric ischemia SHAO Bingqiang, WU Youwei 2026, 21 (02):  194-198.  DOI: 10.16138/j.1673-6087.2026.02.15 Abstract ( 0 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (444KB) ( 20 )   Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is a critical clinical emergency with an extremely high mortality rate. Early diagnosis and prognosis assessment are essential for improving patient outcomes. This article reviews the research progress on various biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of AMI. Biomarkers such as white blood cell count, C-reactive protein and procalcitonin are convenient and low-cost tests suitable for initial screening, but they have limited specificity. α-glutathione S-transferase (α-GST), intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) and others have advantages in specificity and are suitable for patients requiring differential diagnosis. In addition, combined inflammatory indices, including the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, are easily obtainable and have good potential for clinical application. Systemic scoring systems, such as the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA), are applicable to patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Emerging biomarkers, including prostaglandin E-major urinary metabolite (PGE-MUM) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α), have certain potential value but require further validation. At present, various biomarkers are limited by small sample sizes and a lack of prospective studies. Large-scale, multi-center, high-quality studies are urgently needed to further validate the clinical application value of multiple biomarkers. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the pathogenesis and clinical features of secondary acute myeloid leukemia GAO Mingmin, WU Tao, LIU Wenhui 2026, 21 (02):  199-204.  DOI: 10.16138/j.1673-6087.2026.02.16 Abstract ( 0 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (527KB) ( 18 )   Secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) refers to AML that occurs on the basis of a pre-existing hematological disease, or in patients with previous solid tumors who have undergone chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Compared with primary AML, the incidence of this type of disease is lower, but its pathogenesis is complex, and the overall survival of patients is shorter. Therefore, in-depth research on the pathogenesis and clinical features of sAML has important clinical significance. References | Related Articles | Metrics