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05 March 2025, Volume 12 Issue 1 Previous Issue   

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Introduction to Ship Model Making：Taking the Adora Magic City Cruise as an Example ZHAO Guanyixuan, ZHANG Shutian, XIE Kexin, LI Yuting, LI Jiaqiang, LI Chengwei, ZHANG Dapeng 2025, 12 (1):  1-8.  DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2025.01.01 Abstract ( 37 )   PDF (7656KB) ( 24 )   Since the 18th CPC National Congress， China has made historic achievements in the development of the marine cause， but there are still some gaps compared with the world's maritime powers. The construction of a marine talent team is a key link in building a strong maritime nation. Cultivating marine talents with an international outlook， an innovative spirit and practical ability is an inevitable requirement for building a strong maritime nation. Modelling， as a practical activity integrating science， technology and art， plays a unique role in the training of marine-related talents. By making models of ships and marine platforms， makers are able to intuitively understand the structural principles， design concepts and construction processes of marine equipment， thus cultivating spatial imagination， practical operational ability and engineering thinking. In this article， we will take the production of the model of Adora Magic City; cruise ship as an example， introduce the model production process， and provide science and technology related to ship modeling， simultaneously popularizing knowledge related to ship models. Related Articles | Metrics

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Design and Construction of Aircraft Carrier Teaching Experimental Platform Based on the Fujian Ship ZHANG Shutian, XIE Yifan, GUO Sihang, LIANG Zhenjie, ZHANG Yining, ZHANG Dapeng 2025, 12 (1):  9-18.  DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2025.01.02 Abstract ( 22 )   PDF (8170KB) ( 8 )   The construction of small-scale aircraft carrier models is an engineering project that is totally complex yet locally simple. The completed model should possess structural and hydrodynamic performance characteristics similar to those of a real aircraft carrier， which poses significant challenges to undergraduate-level designers and builders. This project takes the Chinese Navy’s Type 003 aircraft carrier， the Fujian ship， as the prototype to design and construct an aircraft carrier teaching experimental platform. The scale ratio between the model ship and the actual vessel is approximately 1∶144. This work is of great significance for the popularization of science in ocean engineering. Related Articles | Metrics

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Introduction to Ship Model Making： Taking Type 903A Composite Supply Ship as an Example XIE Yifan, ZHANG Shutian, GUO Sihang, LIANG Zhenjie, ZHANG Yining, ZHANG Dapeng 2025, 12 (1):  19-27.  DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2025.01.03 Abstract ( 18 )   PDF (14008KB) ( 10 )   Cultivating marine engineering talents is crucial to advancing the vision of building a strong maritime nation. Ship modelling plays an essential role in marine engineering education by bridging theoretical knowledge and practical application. This paper aims to popularize and promote the foundational concepts of marine engineering and the techniques of ship model construction. Using the 903A; composite supply ship as a case study， the paper provides a detailed walkthrough of the model making process， including 3D design and physical construction. The insights presented are valuable for enhancing the accessibility and understanding of marine engineering concepts， contributing to the discipline's broader dissemination and educational impact. Related Articles | Metrics

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Simulation Test of Multi-Diameter Pig Based on a Subsea Pipeline in a Gas Field in the South China Sea CAO Juhang, ZHANG Jie, ZHANG Jie, DENG Chiyu, GAO Lei, LI Jian, CHEN Juan, LONG Xiaopin, YU Yuanfang, JIANG Bingbing 2025, 12 (1):  28-36.  DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2025.01.04 Abstract ( 24 )   PDF (8631KB) ( 9 )   Based on the background of a reducing subsea pipeline in a gas field located in the South China Sea， a multi-diameter pig with a reducing rate of 59% is designed， and its passing performance， wear resistance and dewatering performance are analyzed. A test pipeline is designed to simulate the actual reducing subsea pipeline system. Based on the test pipeline， using fresh water as the driving medium， the passing performance of the multi-diameter pig in the pipeline with a reducing rate of 59% is verified. The multi-diameter pig has a uniform fold shape on the sealing plate in the 20.32cm pipeline， and its operating pressure is up to 4×105Pa （gauge pressure）， which meets the actual use requirements. Using compressed air as the driving medium， the dewatering performance of the multi-diameter pig is studied. The operating pressure of the multi-diameter pig running from an 20.32cm pipeline to a 30.48cm pipeline is higher than that of the pig running from a 30.48cm pipeline to an 20.32cm pipeline， but the dewatering performance in the former case is better than that in the latter case. The multi-diameter pig after simulation test will be applied to the dewatering of a subsea reducing pipeline in a gas field in the South China Sea. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Initial Mud Depth of Pile Repeatedly Inserted into Mud in Shengli Chengdao Oilfield Jack-Up Platform ZHANG Da1, HUANG Chengyi1, XING Baokang1, LIN Zengyong2, QI Xiaohui3, QI Jun1 2025, 12 (1):  37-44.  DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2025.01.05 Abstract ( 19 )   PDF (8920KB) ( 3 )   Due to the many scattered pile pits of different shapes formed in the same area by double or multiple pile insertion of jack-up platform， the topographic relief changes greatly in the area of repeated insertion and removal of the pile. When the jack-up platform takes its place once again， there are many misunderstandings in the calculation of the initial mud depth of the jack-up platform， resulting from the seabed relief， pile shoe difference， and nonuniformity in the soil body. We summarize several common misunderstandings， compare the existing calculation methods， combine the geophysical topographic data， the real-time water depth of the towing ship and the change of pressurized current in the control room of the jack-up platform， and propose a method for determining the initial mud depth suitable for the area of repeated pile insertion and removal. This method improves the accuracy of calculation of mud depth for jack-up platform insertion in the area of repeated pile insertion and removal. Related Articles | Metrics

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Design of Steel Skid Way Block Used in Slippage Load-Out Process for Large Deepwater Jacket 2025, 12 (1):  45-52.  DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2025.01.06 Abstract ( 16 )   PDF (6452KB) ( 5 )   The development trend of jackets toward large scale and deep water is accompanied by higher load-out difficulties， which poses severe challenges to the performance of slide way blocks located at the quay front. The traditional concrete slide way block is difficult to meet the strength demand， and it needs to be replaced by a steel slide way block with better mechanical properties. This paper takes the deep water jacket project “Haiji-1” as an example， systematically expounds the design process of steel skid way blocks for jacket slippage load-out from the aspects of mechanical model， working condition decomposition， strength check and optimization method. The methodology of theoretical calculations combined with numerical simulations is used for the strength check and optimization of the steel slideway blocks in different stress states. The results show that the load-out start state of the jacket is the most dangerous stress state， which needs to be paid more attention to. The pouring of concrete in the cavity at the front of the steel slide way block can effectively reduce the stress concentration of the internal structure and improve the reliability of the structure. Related Articles | Metrics

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Semi-Floating Construction Operation Method of Offshore Wind Power Jack-Up Installation Vessel ZHANG Jianxiang1, LI Shifei1, TANG Yong2, ZHANG Xiaodong2, ZHANG Mingming2 2025, 12 (1):  53-60.  DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2025.01.07 Abstract ( 18 )   PDF (5061KB) ( 2 )   With the development of global wind power industry， offshore wind power is gradually expanding into deep sea areas， where traditional jack-up platforms are at risk of being phased out due to their inability to operate in deep water and soft muddy seabed environments. The semi-floating construction method combines the advantages of jack-up platforms and floating platforms， significantly expands the operational depth of jack-up platforms， allows them to continue efficient and safe operations in deep water areas and solves the problem of traditional platforms of inability to work in soft muddy seabed environments. The significance of this technology lies in extending the service life of existing jack-up platforms， avoiding their rapid retirement， and achieving “half a generation later retirement”. Through case studies of offshore wind farms in the coastal areas of Zhejiang Province， a detailed discussion of the principles， key technical steps， and actual engineering applications of semi-floating construction technology is provided， a technical comparison between the semi-floating construction method and traditional construction methods is given， and significant advantages of this technology in improving construction efficiency， reducing costs， and ensuring safety are demonstrated. Finally， this paper looks forward to the broad application prospects of semi-floating construction technology in offshore wind power and other marine engineering. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Multistage Depressurization Technology in the East China Sea Oil and Gas Fields LIU Qinghua 2025, 12 (1):  61-66.  DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2025.01.08 Abstract ( 13 )   PDF (3019KB) ( 2 )   As some oil and gas fields in the East China Sea enter the mid to late stage of development， the stratum pressure has significantly decreased， and the wellhead pressure of some production wells has fallen below the process pressure， making it impossible to achieve self-spraying production. To further enhance the recovery rate of the gas fields， a multistage depressurization system is constructed based on the characteristics of the oil and gas processing processes of various platforms in the East China Sea. This system integrates overall， local， and single-well depressurization strategies， analyzes and plans production facilities， improves equipment selection and technological process， and forms a highly adaptable and effective depressurization production mode. The multistage depressurization system effectively achieves stable and increased production in oil and gas fields， providing a feasible reference plan for the deep exploration of low yield and low efficiency wells in offshore oil and gas fields in the future. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Heat Input on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of FCAW-G Joints of Extra High Strength Steel ZENG Jingbo, WANG Huoping 2025, 12 (1):  67-73.  DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2025.01.09 Abstract ( 16 )   PDF (9872KB) ( 4 )   A deep-water jacket widely uses domestic extra high strength steel API 2Y-60 in the design and construction for the first time in China to reduce weight. To ensure the welding quality of the jacket， the heat input of flux cored arc welding with gas shielding （FCAW-G） of extra high strength steel is studied， and the upper， middle and lower limit conditions of heat input are set for welding and testing. Steel plate and corresponding filler metals used for the construction of the jacket are welded. The macrostructure and microstructure of the weld metal and heat-affected zone are analyzed. Tensile， bending， impact and hardness tests are carried out on the weld joints， and tensile tests are performed on the weld metal. The results indicate that the microstructure of the joints becomes gradually coarser with the increase of heat input. The mechanical properties of the FCAW-G joints all meet the requirement of the project. Heat input has a great influence on the strength and hardness of the joints， while has no obvious influence on the impact properties. In order to ensure the properties of the FCAW-G joints， welding beyond the specified heat input should be avoided in the construction of the jacket. Related Articles | Metrics

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Testing Study on Horizontal Capacity Characteristics of Jack-Ups LIU Shuxiang1, DING Yong1, WANG Yilin2, LI Sa2 2025, 12 (1):  74-78.  DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2025.01.10 Abstract ( 12 )   PDF (3424KB) ( 2 )   Jack-ups have been widely used in offshore engineering. The jack-ups will be subjected to environmental loads such as wind and wave currents after installation， so it is necessary to carry out research on their capacity characteristics under horizontal loading. The load bearing characteristics of four-legged jack-up under horizontal loading are analyzed by model tests. The results show that： applying displacement-controlled horizontal load， the horizontal force on the jack-up model basically stops growing after reaching a stable value （450N and 353N for the two clay working conditions， and 75N and 84N for the two sand working conditions， respectively）， while the inclination angle grows linearly with the horizontal displacement. After the horizontal load reaches a certain value， the leg on the windward side of the jack-up platform model will gradually lose its capacity， while the leg on the leeward side will be subjected to increasing vertical， horizontal and bending moment loads. When designing the jack-up platform, it is also necessary to consider the above-mentioned load bearing characteristics of the pile shoe, and carry out a reasonable design and safety assessment of the pile leg and pile shoe. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Review of Current Status of Environmental Perception Technology for Port Automatic Freight Transportation HAN Qingyuan 2025, 12 (1):  79-86.  DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2025.01.11 Abstract ( 15 )   PDF (4257KB) ( 2 )   Unmanned transportation systems are constantly being popularized and promoted in port freight transportation， and their front-end environmental perception technology is the foundation for efficient operation of unmanned transportation systems. Due to the late start of automatic port freight transportation in China， how to integrate the latest advanced autonomous driving technology into unmanned port freight transportation systems is currently an important issue. This paper provides a comprehensive review of environmental perception technology in port automatic freight systems， and summarizes the composition， main technical challenges， hardware and software algorithms of the perception system for unmanned freight transportation in ports. Further， it looks forward to the future trend of environmental perception technology for automatic freight transportation in ports， providing reference for the intelligent upgrading of port freight transportation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Port Electronic Fence Recognition Based on Deep Learning SUN Jiazhe, ZOU Ying 2025, 12 (1):  87-93.  DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2025.01.12 Abstract ( 14 )   PDF (7249KB) ( 4 )   In automated container terminals， automated intelligent vehicles （AIVs） replace traditional internal container trucks， transporting cargo between the quay and yard areas. A significant challenge faced by AIVs in this process is the proactive identification of various obstacles within the port environment. This paper proposes an obstacle detection approach for port AIV operational scenarios based on deep learning， submitting the identified information to the intelligent electronic container system for subsequent dispatch planning. In laboratory scenarios， the deep learning approach achieves a 95% accuracy rate in recognition. In actual port application scenarios， it attains an identification rate of over 90%， and has been put into practical use. Related Articles | Metrics

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Anti-Scouring Design Scheme and the Construction for Single Pile Foundation of Offshore Wind Power Projects YU Yi 2025, 12 (1):  94-99.  DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2025.01.13 Abstract ( 18 )   PDF (5271KB) ( 3 )   For the serious problem of pile foundation erosion in the operation of the single pile foundation of the second phase of the Wailuo Wind Farm， the analysis and research on the causes of pile foundation erosion in the industry are studied， and the principle of single pile foundation erosion is analyzed in combination with the characteristics of the sea conditions in the region. The target position is selected according to the three-dimensional scanning results， and a treatment scheme for the active anti-scouring of honeycomb turbulence is proposed for the target position based on the previous treatment experiences. The technical principles and basic scheme are studied， the basic structural design of the device is completed， and then the project demonstration is implemented. Through the prototype test， it is proved that the honeycomb turbulence active antiscouring device has good feasibility in the anti-scouring protection of offshore wind power single pile foundation， and has certain application reference and promotion value. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the Longitudinal Vibration Characteristics of Deep-Water Drilling Riser and Its Application LIU Xianquan1, JIANG Wei2 2025, 12 (1):  100-105.  DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2025.01.14 Abstract ( 11 )   PDF (7246KB) ( 2 )   This paper employs an analytical approach to study vibration problems in continuous systems. For the riser in deep-water drilling， a second-order partial differential equation for the vibration of its continuous elastic system is established. This equation considers the forces and constraints acting on the riser as a homogeneous continuous elastic body along its axial direction， including constraints at the seabed wellbore， the influence of the riser tensioner， and the vertical heave motion of the drilling platform due to waves. Based on this， a differential equation for the longitudinal vibration of the rod member is further developed， and the frequency equation for the longitudinal vibration of the riser is solved. The research results indicate that the longitudinal vibration frequency of the deep-water drilling riser is related to six main parameters： the cross-sectional area of the riser， the Young's modulus of the pipe body， the volumetric mass， the spring coefficient of the riser tensioner， the wave height of wave motion， and the water depth. This study has important practical significance for gaining a deeper understanding of the longitudinal vibration characteristics of the riser and scientifically guiding drilling operations. Related Articles | Metrics

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Design and Hierarchical Sliding Mode Path Tracking of Deep-Sea Lander with Rudder TANG Jianguo1, 2, MAO Jinghang1, 2, LIU Mingyue1, 2 2025, 12 (1):  106-118.  DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2025.01.15 Abstract ( 11 )   PDF (7135KB) ( 2 )   In the process of deep-sea lander dive， due to the influence of ocean currents， the sitting bottom position will deviate from the drop point. In order to solve the problem of trajectory deviation of deep-sea lander due to uncontrolled state， a type of lander with dual rudders is proposed， which can be landed accurately with high efficiency and low energy consumption. Taking the deep-sea lander with dual rudders as the research object， the dynamics model of the lander is established by simplifying the system to a certain extent. Based on the Matlab platform， the simulation and analysis method of the dive process of the deep-sea lander is established. Matlab Simulink environment is used to simulate the dive process of the deep-sea lander， and the effects of the rudder size and rudder deflection angle on the dive speed and trajectory of the lander， as well as the effects of the rudder size on the stability of the lander， are analyzed in order to determine the specific size of the rudder. The median theorem is used to change the system's non-affine dynamics equations into affine dynamics equations， and a hierarchical sliding mode controller is designed to track the pre-designed linear and S-shaped paths in response to the underdriven nature of the system， which achieves good results. Related Articles | Metrics

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Savonius Rotor Effect on Energy Dissipation in Binning of Trailing Suction Hopper Dredger 2025, 12 (1):  119-126.  DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2025.01.16 Abstract ( 11 )   PDF (5256KB) ( 3 )   As the dredging industry progresses into an era of efficacy， it is necessary to develop new energy dissipation methods to enhance the binning efficiency in the storage of trailing suction hopper dredger. Therefore， it is necessary to minimize the flow velocity and turbulent kinetic energy inside the mud storage during binning. This article employs three-dimensional numerical simulations to examine the influence of the internal blade angle and the blades number of Savonius rotor on the energy dissipation inside the hopper storage. The results indicate that the Savonius rotor can effectively reduce flow velocity and turbulent kinetic energy within the hopper storage， and thus the energy dissipation effect is significant. The optimal internal blade angle is found to be 180° with the number of blades being four. When the number of blades is more than four， the energy dissipation effect would not be improved notably. This study shows that Savonius rotor would have significant effect on the energy dissipation， providing a new design for improving the binning efficiency of trailing suction hopper dredgers. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the Construction Technology of YJQZ Offshore WindPower Foundation Steel Pipe Pile Sinking ZHAO Kaiqiang, ZHENG Jiang, SUN Yuliang, XIE Weimin, LIU Guosheng 2025, 12 (1):  127-132.  DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2025.01.17 Abstract ( 14 )   PDF (2232KB) ( 6 )   As an important construction process in offshore wind farms， the construction of foundation steel pipe piles is difficult and requires high standards. This article aims to study the construction technology of steel pipe pile sinking for offshore wind power foundation， so as to improve construction efficiency and reduce construction costs. In-depth exploration and research were conducted on the key points of pile sinking construction technology， including measures to tackle difficult points and the construction process of foundation steel pipe piles. The research results show that using the Haili formula during the YC130 hydraulic hammer hammering process can greatly reduce the errors caused by manually determining parameters during pile sinking. According to the force analysis of steel pipe pile lifting engineering， lifting should be carried out during the appropriate window period to meet the requirements of lifting power coefficient. Optimizing the design of the foundation steel pipe pile and adopting advanced construction technology can significantly improve construction efficiency and reduce construction costs. The research results of this article provide useful technical guidance and theoretical support for the construction of offshore wind power foundation steel pipe piles， and lay the foundation for subsequent related research. Related Articles | Metrics

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Motion Prediction of Marine Vehicles Based on Cascaded Filter and Error-Triggered Support Vector Regression ZHONG Yiming1, YU Caoyang1, 2, XIANG Xianbo2, 3, LIAN Lian1, 4 2025, 12 (1):  133-140.  DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2025.01.18 Abstract ( 15 )   PDF (3824KB) ( 3 )   To tackle the challenges that complex and dynamic environments impose on motion prediction of marine vehicles， an intelligent prediction system integrating cascaded filter with error-triggered support vector regression （ETSVR） is proposed in this paper. Firstly， the system employs a moving average filter for preprocessing raw data， effectively eliminating outliers and high-frequency noise to establish a high-quality dataset for the following prediction. Subsequently， a second-order extended Kalman filter is incorporated for precise state estimation， further enhancing the data stability and reliability. Finally， the ETSVR algorithm works on the processed high-quality dataset to build an accurate motion prediction model for marine vehicles， with an error-triggered mechanism designed to improve the system's real-time performance and computational efficiency. Experimental results based on lake tests demonstrate that the proposed intelligent motion prediction system significantly outperforms traditional linear regression （LR） across various error metrics. For instance， in lateral velocity prediction， the mean squared error is reduced by approximately 53.2% compared to LR， while in yaw rate prediction， the maximum error decreases by around 58.2%. These results indicate that the proposed cascaded filter and ETSVR-based prediction system substantially improves the accuracy of motion prediction in complex unknown environments， highlighting its promising potential and significance. Related Articles | Metrics

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Innovation Trajectory and Trends in Offshore Wind Power Transmission： An Integrated Analysis of Bibliometrics and Patent Life Cycle LIAO Peng1, HUANG Xin2, LIAO Xinzheng2 2025, 12 (1):  141-152.  DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2025.01.19 Abstract ( 13 )   PDF (12324KB) ( 2 )   As a key support for global energy transition， offshore wind power transmission technology plays a crucial role in industrial upgrading and energy security. Based on bibliometric and patent analysis methods， this study systematically examines the technological evolution characteristics in this field from 2000 to 2023. The research reveals that the field has shown exponential growth， with Chinese scholars leading in publication volume but still needing to enhance academic impact. Countries around the North Sea， leveraging their regional collaborative advantages， maintain leadership in core technologies such as high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission. Keyword and patent cluster analysis demonstrates a parallel innovation pattern of traditional technology advancement and emerging technology breakthroughs， with rapid rise in new topics such as energy storage and hydrogen production. Technology maturity analysis indicates that the field is in its growth phase （k≈0.3） and is expected to enter maturity by 2026， with flexible DC transmission and smart grid integration becoming competitive focuses in the next decade. The findings provide decision-making reference for grasping technological development directions and optimizing innovation layout. Related Articles | Metrics