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01 June 2026, Volume 13 Issue 2 Previous Issue   

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Bamboo Rhythm Louchuan： The Making and Cultural Exploration of Ancient Warship Models LI Yuting, XIE Kexin, JIANG Yuxin, et al 2026, 13 (2):  1-7.  DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2026.02.01 Abstract ( 0 )   PDF (12913KB) ( 46 )   Bamboo has gradually become a popular emerging material in fields such as materials science and architecture， and it also has unique potential in ship model making. However， based on existing research literature， it can be found that materials for ship model making are mostly concentrated on conventional materials such as wood and 3D printing materials， and research on bamboo application is mainly focused on architecture. There is a lack of systematic discussion on ship models， especially traditional Chinese naval vessels， such as Louchuan （ship with an upper deck）. This paper will focus on bamboo craftsmanship for making Louchuan models using bamboo as the core material. It aims to fill the gap in the application of bamboo in traditional ship model making， while also popularizing the application of Louchuan in Chinese history and their cultural significance， thereby promoting traditional cultural skills， enhancing cultural confidence， and strengthening patriotic education. Related Articles | Metrics

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Design and Production of a Conceptual Model of a Bionic Crab Underwater Robot CHEN Zehan, TIAN Yutao, ZHOU Zhengxun, et al 2026, 13 (2):  8-16.  DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2026.02.02 Abstract ( 0 )   PDF (28463KB) ( 50 )   To address the issues of existing underwater robots being prone to damage and low operational efficiency in complex terrains and strong current environments， and to meet the demand for full-cycle exploration and maintenance in oil and gas development， this paper designs a bionic crab underwater robot， fabricates a 1∶1 conceptual model， and investigates the rationality of the design. Taking the crab as its bionic prototype， the robot adopts a streamlined body to reduce flow resistance. It uses the combined drive of walking legs and thrusters to achieve multi-degree-of-freedom movement on the seabed. Its front claws and appendages can remove obstacles， and the biological prototype structure provides excellent impact resistance. The model is fabricated using fused deposition modeling （FDM） and stereolithography （SLA）3D printing. After modeling， simplification and splitting in Rhino， components including legs， body and claws are printed separately and then assembled as a whole. Verified by computational fluid dynamics （CFD） simulations and wave-making experiments， this study lays a foundation for the physical implementation of the robot. In the future， integrating AI and new materials will enable it to adapt to deeper-sea operation scenarios. Related Articles | Metrics

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Bamboo as Boat： Restoration of Bamboo Craftsmanship in Jiangnan Decorated Boats of the Ming and Qing Dynasties XIE Kexin, LI Yuting, ZHANG Yihao, et al 2026, 13 (2):  17-24.  DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2026.02.03 Abstract ( 0 )   PDF (12903KB) ( 38 )   With the rapid development of the times， as people’s awareness of environmental protection improves and their national cultural identity strengthens， bamboo boats， as an ancient ship made of natural material “bamboo” as the primary building material， have high promotional value. This paper takes the cultural and historical heritage of bamboo boats and traditional craftsmanship as its foundation. By dissecting the typical structure， materials， and key techniques of bamboo boats， this study identifies characteristics of traditional craftsmanship such as structural looseness， water seepage， and short lifespan. Subsequently， by combining modern bamboo craftsmanship， this study achieves high sustainability value， making bamboo materials renewable and low-carbon. The paper details the process of creating bamboo boat models， specifically focusing on decorated boat models， to integrate the historical context of ancient shipbuilding techniques into modern contexts and enhance students’ cultural confidence. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the Application of Tekla Modeling in Cost Reduction and Efficiency Improvement in European Offshore Wind Power Jacket Design LUO Xiaogang, CHEN Shiwei, LIN Xiaoshi, et al 2026, 13 (2):  25-33.  DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2026.02.04 Abstract ( 0 )   PDF (9887KB) ( 42 )   Based on a European offshore wind power project， addressing the issues of cumbersome operation， low efficiency， and high error rate in traditional jacket design methods， this paper delves into the design application value of the core building information modeling （BIM） software Tekla， aiming to enhance design quality and efficiency and provide technical support for the efficient implementation of the project. The paper first elaborates on the application process and technical advantages of Tekla’s 3D solid modeling technology in this project. Then， taking the main structure modeling of the jacket as an example， it constructs wireframe models， creates material list templates， outputs material lists， and compares steel weight data from different sources， providing reliable data for procurement，prefabrication， and cost control. Given the rich information required in the drawings of offshore wind power jacket foundations and the low efficiency of using CAD single-part drawing software to create pipe fabrication drawings， the research team successfully developed a structural joint geometry automation tool plugin by leveraging Tekla’s secondary development capabilities， thereby solving the drawing generation challenges. Finally， through comparative verification， it is demonstrated that Tekla’s 3D models and extended tools can significantly improve design quality and efficiency， achieve cost reduction and efficiency enhancement， and provide technical and practical foundations for the design of offshore wind power jacket engineering. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Method for Overall Concentricity Measurement of Wellhead Guide on a Super-Large Jacket Platform YANG Xianyang, WANG Xin, LENG Yalin, et al 2026, 13 (2):  34-42.  DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2026.02.05 Abstract ( 0 )   PDF (13452KB) ( 36 )   This paper addresses the challenge of accurate fitting of a hollow cylinder for concentricity detection of wellhead on a super-large jacket platform， particularly under conditions of sparse and unevenly distributed feature points and weak geometric constraints， which are often prone to significant initial deviation and poor convergence. A robust fitting method integrating random sample consensus（RANSAC）， principal component analysis（PCA）， and Levenberg-Marquardt（LM） algorithms is proposed. The method begins by combining RANSAC and PCA to rapidly estimate the initial axis of the cylinder. The inner and outer wall points are then automatically distinguished based on the bimodal distribution of the distance histogram， eliminating the need for manual labeling. Finally， an adaptive damping LM algorithm is applied to achieve precise nonlinear parameter fitting， ensuring both convergence speed and stability. Simulations and field tests show that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms conventional methods in terms of axis orientation error， fitting accuracy of inner and outer radii， and the root mean square （RMS） of feature point residuals， demonstrating its effectiveness and practical value in engineering applications. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application Practice of Shallow Water Plough Trenching in Northern Weizhou SONG Jinpeng, LI Shujun, LIU Jie, et al 2026, 13 (2):  43-47.  DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2026.02.06 Abstract ( 0 )   PDF (2306KB) ( 38 )   With the increasing safety standards for offshore oil and gas， the efficiency and cost challenges of trenching for submarine pipeline protection are becoming more complex due to varying seabed substrates. Traditional jet trenching methods are inefficient in hard soil and rocky reef areas. This paper systematically introduces the operational practices of a dynamically positioned vessel equipped with a large plough-type trencher for a pipeline protection project in a shallow-water area in northern Weizhou. It focuses on analyzing the adaptability of this plow-type trenching machine to complex geological conditions ranging from loose sandy soil to strongly weathered basalt. The study elaborates on a trenching drag force prediction method based on soil shear strength and the dynamic control strategies implemented during actual operations. By comparing the theoretical drag force curve with field operational data， the effectiveness of parameter presetting is validated. This paper also summarizes key technical measures such as monitoring solutions， cable management， and emergency abandonment in shallow water with low visibility conditions， providing technical solutions and data references for post-protection trenching operations of submarine pipelines in similar shallow water and complex geological environments. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Crane Lifting Capacity Assessment Method for Deep-Water Construction Vessels TAN Xiaoguang, CUI Ning, WANG Zhifeng, et al 2026, 13 (2):  48-54.  DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2026.02.07 Abstract ( 0 )   PDF (3776KB) ( 39 )   With the continuous advancement of offshore development in the South China Sea， the installation of large-scale marine structures poses increasingly higher demands on deep-water capabilities. Globally， the fleet of subsea construction vessels equipped with cranes exceeding 400 tons is extremely limited， and their charter rates are extremely high. Therefore， maximizing the utilization of existing resources to meet the installation needs of large deep-water structures has become an urgent issue that requires immediate resolution. The conventional lifting curve method， which requires the maximum dynamic load to remain below the safe working load， significantly underutilizes the crane’s capacity. This study begins with the design method of lifting curves to clarify the crane’s actual lifting capacity. By precisely capturing the relative motion among the barge， construction vessel， and crane， the inboard lifting curve can be applied during barge lifting operations， increasing the lifting capacity by nearly 30%. Based on this theoretical framework， we calculate the lifting load. Subsequently， by integrating the crane’s pre-alarm and alarm states to define three unity check （UC） values， a comprehensive assessment of the crane’s capacity is conducted. This study establishes a mature algorithm that has been validated in actual engineering projects. To better translate the theoretical algorithm into engineering practice， this study further develops an efficient software tool for lifting capacity assessment， which provides significant guidance for assessing the installation feasibility of large deep-water structures. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Application Procedures for Areas to be Avoided around Oil and Gas Fields off the Eastern Coast of Brazil： A Case Study of the Santos Basin YAO Guodong, YUE Yuanlong 2026, 13 (2):  55-63.  DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2026.02.08 Abstract ( 0 )   PDF (5405KB) ( 39 )   With the rapid development of offshore oil and gas exploration and production， as well as the increasingly busy maritime traffic， the issue of safety precautions for offshore oil and gas production facilities has become increasingly severe. To safeguard the security of its oil and gas production facilities in the eastern offshore， Brazil has applied to the International Maritime Organization （IMO） over the past two decades to establish five areas to be avoided （ATBA）， where commercial ships are prohibited from passing through. This paper analyzes the characteristics of oil and gas production in Brazil’s eastern offshore and the establishment process of these five ATBAs. Furthermore， it introduces the analysis of waterways and vessel density around oilfields based on ship automatic identification system （AIS） data， the calculation method for the probability of collision accidents between floating production storage and offloading （FPSO） vessels and merchant ships， and the design method for polygon ATBAs. The experience of Brazil in establishing these zones provides a valuable reference for China’s offshore oil and gas development. Specifically， it suggests enhancing the safety factor of offshore oil and gas facilities by combining ATBA with existing maritime electronic fence systems. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Entry Angle on the Slamming Dynamic Characteristics of a Flat Plate during Water Entry WANG Zhonghao, XU Junxiao, HUANG Kuo, et al 2026, 13 (2):  64-71.  DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2026.02.09 Abstract ( 0 )   PDF (3832KB) ( 42 )   Flat plate structures are widely used in subsea equipment， and the water-entry slamming dynamics during installation operations have a significant influence on structural safety. In particular， the effect of entry angle has not yet been sufficiently investigated. In this study， a three-dimensional numerical model for flat plate water entry slamming was established based on the smoothed-particle hydrodynamics （SPH） method combined with an adaptive particle refinement technique. The influence of entry angle on the slamming dynamics of a flat plate during water entry was systematically analyzed. The results indicate that entry angle significantly alters the interaction mechanism between the flat plate and water. During vertical water entry （0° entry angle）， the blockage effect of water leads to a stronger concentration of energy， resulting in more violent slamming. In contrast， during oblique water entry， the lateral escape effect of water is enhanced， causing the slamming flow field to transform into an asymmetric structure and significantly reducing slamming loads. The slamming load exhibits a negative correlation with entry angle. At an entry angle of 5°，the pressure peaks at different measurement points show noticeable temporal discrepancies and are only about 70% of those under vertical entry conditions. Moreover， the slamming force at 5° is only approximately 20% of that at 0°.This study systematically investigated the influence of entry angle on slamming dynamics of flat plate water entry and can provide theoretical guidance for design and installation of subsea structures. Related Articles | Metrics

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Design and Application of Subsea Hydraulic Testing Methodology for Deepwater Umbilicals LI Jian, WANG Zhifeng, CHEN Zhengwu, et al 2026, 13 (2):  72-80.  DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2026.02.10 Abstract ( 0 )   PDF (8094KB) ( 45 )   As the critical infrastructure connecting offshore platforms with subsea production systems， deepwater umbilicals serve functions including power transmission， signal control， chemical injection， and hydraulic power supply. Their structural integrity significantly impacts the safety of deepwater oil and gas field development. To address issues such as large equipment size， long mobilization cycles， and high rental costs associated with traditional deck-based testing equipment， this paper proposes a technical solution for an integrated subsea hydraulic testing and monitoring module based on functional integration design principles. By establishing multi-objective optimization design criteria， the solution employs a modular stand structure， a three-channel independent pressure testing and monitoring system， and high-precision digital recording instruments to achieve rapid connection with umbilical termination head （UTH） and real-time in-situ monitoring. The module features remote-operated vehicle（ROV） operable interfaces and Hot Stab quick-connection systems， supporting multi-channel synchronous testing and data recording. Engineering application in a deepwater gas field in the South China Sea （water depth 700 m） in 2021 demonstrated that the module can shorten offshore testing periods to one day， with test results meeting ISO 13628-5：2009 standard requirements. This study provides a cost-effective technical solution for pre-commissioning of deepwater umbilicals and offers reference value for the development of deepwater oil and gas field equipment technology. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Structural Reliability of New Wind-Fishery Integration Jacket Considering Netting Load and Flow-Blocking Facility Effects HUANG Mingqi, XU Wenkai, ZHANG Chi 2026, 13 (2):  81-89.  DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2026.02.11 Abstract ( 0 )   PDF (2912KB) ( 37 )   In view of the current lack of research on the structural safety of wind-fishery integrated jacket structures for deep offshore applications at water depths of 50 m and above， this study aims to investigate the structural reliability of a 50 m-depth wind-fishery integrated jacket under the combined action of netting loads and flow-blocking devices， so as to provide theoretical support and engineering design references for deep-sea aquaculture demonstration projects and the large-scale development of the wind-fishery integration industry. A combined approach of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation is adopted. Structural conceptual design and load analysis are carried out based on the principles of classical mechanics and structural mechanics. An integrated coupled finite element model involving pile-soil-netting-flow-blocking devices is established using finite element analysis software， and three working conditions are designed， namely without netting， with netting， and with netting plus a 15° baffle plate. A comparative analysis is conducted on the structural dynamic responses under two sea states， i.e.， the 50-year return period storm and normal operation， and ultimate strength verification as well as sensitivity analysis of key parameters is performed. The results show that the additional load of netting has a significant influence on the structural safety of the wind-fishery integrated jacket. Under the 50-year return period storm condition， netting leads to an increase of more than 416% in the maximum stress of key components， the horizontal displacement of the platform， and the maximum internal force of diagonal braces， and the structural fatigue damage degree is also greatly increased. The installation of a 15° baffle plate can effectively optimize the structural stress state， reducing the flow velocity in the netting zone by 23.3%， decreasing the stress of key components and platform displacement by approximately 35%， and lowering the fatigue damage by 82.3%.Meanwhile， the additional load of the baffle plate itself does not cause structural stress to exceed the limit. The sensitivity analysis reveals that the netting damage rate is negatively correlated with structural stress， and 15° is the optimal installation angle of the baffle plate that balances the load reduction effect and its self-load. Optimizing flow-blocking facilities is an effective measure to improve the structural safety of 50 m-depth wind-fishery integrated jackets. Netting should be designed in a coupled manner as an important part of the main structural system， and the integrated coupling analysis method of pile-soil-netting-baffle-jacket should be adopted in the design stage. In future research， water tank model tests （1∶50 scale） and two-way coupled simulations of computational fluid dynamics and structural dynamics will be carried out to accurately capture the load transfer mechanism of netting. In addition， research on modular construction technology of flow-blocking facilities will be conducted to provide more comprehensive technical support for the engineering practice of deep offshore wind-fishery integration projects. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on High-Precision Monitoring and Motion Prediction Methods for Large Offshore Platform Float-Over Operations GAO Hancong, LEI Yu, WANG Peng, et al 2026, 13 (2):  90-100.  DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2026.02.12 Abstract ( 0 )   PDF (7009KB) ( 47 )   With the continuous expansion of marine resource development， offshore platforms are evolving toward modularization and large-scale construction， imposing higher requirements on the relative motion control between the platform and the semi-submersible vessel during float-over operations. Traditional operation methods， which rely on manual experience and visual observation， struggle to meet the demands of refined operations. Based on the DGPS/INS integrated navigation system， this study develops an intelligent technical solution that integrates high-precision monitoring and motion prediction. Through centimeter-level positioning， visual modeling， and a multi-model optimized Kalman filtering algorithm， the system enables real-time monitoring of large offshore platform motion states and multi-step prediction of future motion trends. The system was successfully applied in the “Nan Hai Ba Hao” offshore platform float-over project. Field data demonstrate that the positioning accuracy reaches the centimeter level， and the motion prediction maintains high precision across different operational phases. The proposed solution provides accurate and real-time guidance and reliable data support for float-over operations， facilitating the transformation of operational decision-making from “experience-driven” to “data-driven” approach， thereby significantly enhancing operational safety and command efficiency. Related Articles | Metrics