诊断学理论与实践 ›› 2019, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (06): 704-710.doi: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2019.06.020
陈海燕1,2, 杨小宝1, 许大康1
收稿日期:
2019-10-24
出版日期:
2019-12-25
发布日期:
2019-12-25
Received:
2019-10-24
Online:
2019-12-25
Published:
2019-12-25
中图分类号:
陈海燕, 杨小宝, 许大康. 新生物标志物在胃肠道肿瘤中疗效预测和预后价值的研究进展[J]. 诊断学理论与实践, 2019, 18(06): 704-710.
表1
主要生物标志物在临床上的应用
肿瘤标志物 | 肿瘤类型 | 检测手段 | 临床应用 |
---|---|---|---|
CEA | 结肠癌、胰腺癌、胃癌、肝癌等 | 放射免疫分析法、酶联免疫吸附试验检 测血清、脑脊液、乳汁、胃液、胸腹水 及尿液、粪便等多种体液和排泄物 | 连续监测CEA,可用于手术后、化疗不同时期的疗 效观察,灵敏度和特异度不高 |
CA19-9 | 胰腺癌、肝胆系癌、胃癌、 CRC等 | 酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清样本 | 胰腺癌患者85%~95% CA19-9为阳性,肿瘤切除 后浓度会下降,再上升则可表示复发;CRC、胆囊 癌、胆管癌、肝癌和胃癌的阳性率高,同时检测 CEA和AFP可进一步提高阳性率 |
HER2 c-MET K-RAS | 胃癌(扩增或过度表达) 胃癌、结肠癌(扩增或过度表达) 结肠癌 (突变) | 酶联免疫分析、酶联免疫吸附试验、化学 发光免疫分析法等检测血清样本 | 靶向治疗预后和预测因素,HER2是胃食管腺癌的 治疗靶点 |
MSI-H dMMR | 胃癌、CRC 胃癌、CRC | 免疫组织化学 | dMMR对结肠癌、胃癌和胰腺癌患者的生存有积极 的预后,并可预测PD-1抑制剂抗癌疗效 |
表2
新型生物标志物的开发
肿瘤标志物 | 肿瘤类型 | 检测方法 | 临床应用 |
---|---|---|---|
肿瘤微环境 | 免疫组织化学、流式细胞仪分析 | ||
PD1/PDL1 肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞 免疫抑制性骨髓细胞 | 广谱癌 结肠癌和胃癌 胰腺癌、肝癌和胃癌 | 选择对抗PD-1/PD-L1疗法反应佳的患者. FDA批准了PD-1单抗O药nivolumab和K药pembrolizumab用于治疗PD-L1表达阳性的胃癌,作用机制是阻断PD-1和PD-L1之间的相互作用PD-L1抗体atezolizumab T药在结直肠癌等中有效 提示预后良好 提示预后不良 较多数量的骨髓细胞,包括骨髓来源的抑制细胞、中性粒细胞、单核细胞,是肿瘤免疫治疗预后较差的标志 | |
肿瘤基因组学 | |||
靶基因panels TMB | 广谱癌 广谱癌 | 新一代测序 TMB计算(每1Mb蛋白编 码区的平均突变个数) | 适合用于分析某些功能集合的基因或基因区域,预测和判断疾病表型 DNA修复系统出现问题会导致DNA损伤突变的积累,即TMB升高,而较高的非同义突变负荷预示免疫治疗将有较好的客观缓解率,适用于TMB高、对抗PD-1/PD-L1疗法有反应的患者人群 |
液体活检 | |||
ctDNA CTC 外泌体 | 胃肠道恶性肿瘤 | 血浆ctDNA靶向深度测序 免疫细胞化学法、流式细胞仪分析、核酸检测法 超速离心法、试剂盒提取法 | 胃结肠癌的早期筛查和诊断、治疗疗效的判断、预后的分析,指导晚期肿瘤患者选择药物,监测微小残余病灶 早期检测CTC可辅助临床诊断、预测临床疗效和预后,实现多次、实时监测肿瘤转移、复发及耐药 肿瘤早期诊断标志物,提示肿瘤的残留、进行性发展或复发,预估治疗反应 |
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