Abstract:

Abnormal coagulation function is an important feature of the occurrence and development of malignant tumors. Tumor cells release pro-angiogenic factors that cause vascular endothelial damage and induce platelet activation and proliferation, all of which increase the risk of thrombosis. Cancer patients often present with shortened APTT and PT, elevated fibrinogen, D-dimer and platelet counts, and a hypercoagulable state. With thrombosis forms, the fibrinolytic system is activated, and D-dimer and fibrin degradation product (FDP) increase. Both are commonly used markers of the fibrinolytic system. FDP/D-dimer ratio may improve the accuracy of diagnosing thrombosis or bleeding. New coagulation markers, such as platelet function and platelet surface markers, can be used to assess platelet activation. During the hypercoagulable state and the fibrinolysis process of tumors, four new thrombosis factors are discovered: thrombin-antithrombin (TAT), plasmin α2-plasmin inhibitor complex (PIC), tissue plasminogen activator-inhibitor 1 complex (t-PAIC) and thrombomodulin, which can be used as diagnostic markers for malignant tumors and thrombosis. Thromboelastography simultaneously reflects coagulation factor activity, fibrinogen activity, platelet counts and function, and demonstrates the overall dynamic process of coagulation and fibrinolysis. The 6 traditional coagulation tests combined with platelet count, the 4 new thrombosis tests combined with D-dimer and FDP tests, as well as various thrombosis risk assessment models, play an important role in the prognosis assessment of different tumors. With the development of artificial intelligence and new indicators, the application prospects of coagulation abnormality detection will be broader.

Key words: Hemostasis and thrombosis determination, Tumor, Clinical application