诊断学理论与实践 ›› 2025, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (01): 21-26.doi: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2025.01.004
收稿日期:
2024-10-16
接受日期:
2024-12-25
出版日期:
2025-02-25
发布日期:
2025-02-05
通讯作者:
韩峻峰 E-mail:tjhjf@163.com基金资助:
Received:
2024-10-16
Accepted:
2024-12-25
Published:
2025-02-25
Online:
2025-02-05
摘要:
据世界卫生组织(World Health Organization, WHO)报道,2022年,全球成年人中超重人数达25亿,占43%;肥胖人群达8.9亿,占16%。肥胖发病年龄向低龄化转变,自1990年以来,全球青少年肥胖人数增加了4倍。我国超重及肥胖的发病率和增长速度均居世界首位,根据2020年最新发布的《居民营养与慢性病状况报告》显示,我国成人超重和肥胖率已达50.7%,预计2030年将达到65.3%。超重和肥胖会导致代谢性疾病、功能性疾病以及精神心理性疾病,是致死、致残的重要危险因素,已成为人类面临的最大的医疗挑战之一。目前,超重及肥胖主要通过体质量指数(body mass index, BMI)、身体成分分析及影像学技术进行诊断。相关生物标志物及基因组学的研究进展有助于肥胖症的早期识别和诊断。临床上常用的仅基于人体测量评估的方法,并不能反映脂肪分布和预测疾病预后。近年国内外专家均提出了肥胖症诊断治疗新的高级框架,强调肥胖的诊断评估应包括人体测量评估、体重相关并发症和严重程度的临床评估。由于肥胖诊断存在区域、种族差异,迫切需要制定符合我国人群特点的肥胖症诊断、分期和管理框架,从而提高对肥胖及其相关疾病的识别能力,规范患者管理策略。肥胖症药物治疗因其疗效较好、依从性好和无创伤而受到广大患者青睐。然而,药物治疗也面临不良反应、减重不减肌以及停药后反弹等问题,而开发小分子口服减肥药制剂以及开发联合治疗、多肽-偶联药物等治疗策略,可能为提高患者耐受性、改善减重体验、长期维持体重提供新的选择。
中图分类号:
方萍, 韩峻峰. 肥胖症的诊断、治疗困境及对策[J]. 诊断学理论与实践, 2025, 24(01): 21-26.
FANG Ping, HAN Junfeng. Challenges and solutions in diagnosis and treatment of obesity[J]. Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice, 2025, 24(01): 21-26.
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