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    New Breakthrough in USV Warfare Mode in the Russo-Ukrainian Conflict
    HU Zhihuan, XIE Wei, LIU Ruonan, ZHANG Weidong
    Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (1): 18-22.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.01.03
    Abstract352)      PDF(pc) (698KB)(634)       Save
    In recent years, with the rapid development of technology, the application of USV technology in the military field has gradually become one of the focuses of international military competition. In the Russo Ukrainian War, the USV maritime combat mode has shown new breakthroughs, providing new ideas and possibilities for future maritime operations. This article explores the application value, technical characteristics, and future development trends of unmanned vessels in maritime operations during the Russo Ukrainian War through practical case analysis. The aim is to provide reference and inspiration for research and practice in related fields.

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    Review on Fuel Selection of LNG and Marine Methanol
    ZHOU Cheng, ZHOU Yi, LI Meng, SUN Bing, GU Yuxuan
    Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (2): 12-14.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.02.03
    Abstract213)      PDF(pc) (973KB)(267)       Save
    In view of the high price of LNG and high production and transportation costs, in order to save labor costs and improve economic benefits, Marine methanol fuel is considered to replace LNG fuel. The advantages and limitations of the two fuels are described by comparing their carbon dioxide emissions, costs, management and storage, infrastructure construction, and future development difficulty.
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    Development of Mooring Connectors and its Application in Floating Offshore Wind Turbine
    DONG Xin, XU Qun, SHAO Yunliang
    Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (1): 130-138.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.01.20
    Abstract212)      PDF(pc) (4193KB)(453)       Save
    As a key part of position mooring system, connectors have been widely used for the joining of mooring lines with floating structures or different mooring components. Recently, with the development of floating offshore wind, multiple demonstration projects have been reported worldwide and large scale projects are under planning. The cost must be controlled for the floating wind to realize commercialization by technological innovation, including the mooring system. The mooring connectors have been utilized and verified in the offshore industry for the last several decades and played an important role in connection, installation, maintenance and replacement of mooring system. With the development and flexible application of the mooring connectors, the design, fabrication and installation of floating wind turbine could be significantly improved and the cost of floating wind will be effectively reduced. 
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    Application Research of Intelligent Technology in Improving Production Stability and Efficiency on Offshore Oil Platforms
    WU Binfeng
    Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (2): 29-33.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.02.07
    Abstract200)      PDF(pc) (3661KB)(184)       Save
    With the continuous development of technology, intelligent technology plays an increasingly crucial role in the operation of offshore oil platforms. This paper begins by introducing the concept and background of intelligent technology in offshore oil platform. Subsequently, it delves into the detailed exploration of the application of intelligent technology in enhancing production stability and efficiency, including predictive maintenance, production process optimization, intelligent monitoring, and datadriven decision support. Finally, the paper summarizes the positive impact of intelligent technology on the production of offshore oil platform.

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    Techno-economic Evaluation of Hydrogen Production through Offshore Wind Farms
    LIU Chao, LI Ouping, CHENG Guangyuan, SHEN Qi, YU Xichong
    Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (1): 116-121.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.01.18
    Abstract199)      PDF(pc) (823KB)(80)       Save
    Offshore wind resources in deep-water is more abundant and will be one of the main development trends in the next few years. However, offshore wind development faces many challenges such as the power transmission and consumption. It needs new development models and technological innovations to be promoted. Hydrogen production through offshore wind would improve the power system flexibility and safety, and could be used as renewable energy storage to achieve large-scale and long-term storage. Based on the market price and literature, the tech-economic comparison and evaluation are carried of onshore off-grid hydrogen production and offshore hydrogen production with pipeline from the levelized cost of hydrogen and internal rate of return. Based on the whole life cost, the levelized cost of hydrogen production through offshore with pipeline is lower and the CAPEX and OPEX of water electrolysis system have a significant impact on the LCOH. In terms of economy, offshore wind will obtain higher returns than offshore hydrogen production if all electricity could be imported to the power system.
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    Adaptability Analysis of Offshore New Energy Storage Technology Under Dual-carbon Background
    SHEN Qi, LI Ouping, LIU Chao, CHENG Guangyuan, YU Xichong
    Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (1): 106-115.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.01.17
    Abstract193)      PDF(pc) (1237KB)(324)       Save
    This paper sorts out relevant engineering cases at home and abroad, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of physical energy storage and electrochemical energy storage in offshore applications based on three scenarios: the mandatory requirement of energy storage systems policy for large-scale offshore wind farms, energy storage for improving the penetration of offshore wind power into the grid for integrated development of offshore oil and gas and new energy, and energy storage for off-grid production of green hydrogen, green ammonia, and green methanol. Considering the technology maturity, safety, reliability, compactness, lightweight, economy, and other factors, the most suitable energy storage applied offshorely is still the LFP battery. In the future, considering the superiority of lithium titanate oxide (LTO) batteries in terms of safety, after the cost is reduced, the choice of LTO battery could be considered. But due to the low density of LTO battery, the volume and quality of the equipment are larger than that of LFP battery, and the layout of the offshore platform needs to be further considered. In addition, because there is no single energy storage system that can simultaneously have the characteristics of high power, large energy storage density, reliable safety, and long life cycle, the use of “flywheel+” and “supercapacitor+”hybrid energy storage system is considered, to maximize the shortcomings of a single energy storage method to make up for, to obtain a better performance of the energy storage system. In order to ensure the safety and reliability of new energy storage engineering applications at sea, it is suggested that further research and engineering application of technologies such as the intrinsic safety, safety monitoring and early warning of energy storage under the anti-sloshing conditions of floating facilities at sea should be carried out.
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    Steel Lazy-wave Riser Installation Method Analysis
    TIAN Zhen, LEI Zhenming, CHEN Ye, HE Jianwen, LIU Song, ZHONG Yang
    Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (1): 122-129.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.01.19
    Abstract191)      PDF(pc) (16905KB)(19)       Save
    Standard steel catenary riser form is vulnerable to yielding and fatigue damages at the touch down point (TDP) location in the ultra-deepwater environment. Steel lazy-wave riser (SLWR) introduces a buoyancy section into the standard riser form, which can reduce the stress near the hang-off region, and at the same time isolate the dynamic response of the floating platform from TDP region, so as to improve the fatigue life of riser. SLWR installations are analyzed and compared among S-LAY, J-LAY and R-LAY methods, based on a potential ultra-deepwater project in Gabon. The results show that for the riser without buoyancy section, all three laying methods have sufficient layability, and S-LAY is not feasible for laying the 12" SLWR buoyancy section limited by the capacity of HYSY201; J-LAY and R-LAY are found to be more appropriate for both normal laying and buoyancy section laying of 12" SLWR in 2100m water depth. In general, empty pipe condition is better than the flooded condition in terms of layability regardless of laying methods. The feasibility of SLWR laying by S-LAY method can be improved by reducing water depth, pipe size and optimizing buoyancy module design. For J-LAY and R-LAY installation methods, if pipe catenary with buoyancy module section in empty pipe condition has no interference with lay tower and vessel, SLWR can be laid in empty pipe condition.

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    Overview of the Development of Flexible Ocean CTD Sensors
    LI Jihao1, LIN Guanying2, WANG Nuansheng3, LI Yang3, LI Junyang1
    Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (3): 69-77.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.03.11
    Abstract158)      PDF(pc) (5779KB)(19)       Save
    Marine hydrological information plays a significant role in development and exploration of marine resources. Temperature, salinity and depth are fundamental elements of marine hydrology. Monitoring of marine temperature, salinity and depth data plays an important role in the development and utilization of marine resources. The conductivity temperature depth profiler (CTD) is the main instrument for observing seawater temperature and salinity profiles. By using CTD sensors, parameters such as temperature and conductivity of seawater at different depths can be measured. In recent years, flexible electronic sensors have demonstrated great potential for application due to their excellent stretchability and easy attachment, which not only achieve the sensing performance of traditional rigid sensors to a certain extent, but also compensate for the shortcomings of traditional sensors such as large volume and weight. This review introduces the research progress of flexible ocean CTD sensors in recent years, mainly including the working mechanism and classification, common materials, manufacturing processes of flexible sensors, and analyzes the structure, performance, and application platform of existing flexible ocean CTD sensors. Finally, the development of flexible ocean CTD sensors is prospected.
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    Design Optimization of Waste Heat Recovery Unit for “Hai Yang Shi You 123” FPSO
    CHEN Qiming, HE Gaolin
    Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (2): 24-28.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.02.06
    Abstract141)      PDF(pc) (3344KB)(135)       Save
    In order to make full use of the high temperature exhaust gas of the main generator and realize energy saving and emission reduction, the waste heat recovery unit has been designed in the basic design stage in “Hai Yang Shi You 123”FPSO(Floating Production Storage and Offloading), but the waste heat and the heating medium circulation system of the boiler are completely independent, and can not be mutually standby, and the four heating medium circulation pumps of the waste heat are not connected to the emergency bus, which will lead to the black start of the FPSO. It is easy to cause local high temperature coking and carbonization of heating medium in the furnace tube of waste heat recovery unit, which affects the operation of the system. In order to solve the problem effectively, the scheme of adding the circulating pump of waste heat system into the emergency bus bar is proposed creatively, which can effectively avoid the occurrence of heating medium coking in the waste heat system during black start.

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    Current Status and Key of Undersea Junction Technology at Home and Abroad
    CHEN Yunlong, DENG Dudu, LIU Zhijian, RUAN Hailong, LIANG Tao, LIU Guangzhi, GUO Longchuan
    Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (1): 90-98.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.01.15
    Abstract136)      PDF(pc) (45240KB)(49)       Save
    Undersea junction technology is one of the core technologies for building a cabled ocean observatory system, which connects multiple devices underwater to manage the power and information. The undersea junction technology started earlier in United States, Japan, Canada and other country, which gradually developed negative high-voltage single-stage DC power transmission, high-power power conversion, underwater wet plug, large-scale optical fiber communication networking and other technologies. Using modular design and multi-level junction box interconnection, large subsea observatory has been built in many sea areas. In the past decade, with the domestic development of offshore ocean observation system, junction box design and high voltage power transmission, remote communication and control technology has developed rapidly, the scientific nodes undersea junction boxes have been successfully applied in a number of sea areas, but has not yet formed a large observatory. Some of the deepwater key components such as underwater wet plug connectors, cables are mainly dependent on imports. While introducing and absorbing foreign advanced technology, the development of high-performance controllers, high-power conversion modules, underwater connectors and photoelectric complex cables will be a very important direction of the future junction boxes.

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    Research on Optimization Strategy of Attack Angle for Wind-assisted Ship Propulsion with Minimum Route Deviation
    LIN Haoan, CHEN Li
    Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (1): 1-9.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.01.01
    Abstract136)      PDF(pc) (5657KB)(75)       Save
    The decision on wind sail angle is crucial for effectively harnessing wind energy in windassisted ships. During ship navigation, the wind sail generates both thrust and lateral thrust, causing ship yawing and reduced energy efficiency. To address this problem, this paper introduced a lateral thrust weight factor and established a bilinear angle decision function composed of the thrust coefficient and the lateral thrust coefficient. The function aimed to minimize the deviation angle of the optimal course and utilized the particle swarm optimization algorithm to solve for the optimal weight factor applicable to the specific route. This approach enables achieving optimal sail angles under different relative wind directions, allowing for windassisted ship navigation without relying on steering and avoiding course deviation. Compared to the traditional angle strategy based on the maximum thrust method, the proposed approach results in slight improvement in heading longitudinal displacement within the same navigation time, substantial reduction in sideways displacement and course deviation angle, and smoother angle variations during fluctuations in relative wind direction. These findings are beneficial for wind sail manipulation. This research provides insights to enhance the energy efficiency of wind-assisted ships.

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    The Application of the Concept of “Three Original and Three Present” under the “Broken Window Effect”
    YIN Xiaohui
    Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.02.01
    Accepted: 14 October 2024

    Analysis of Natural Gas Recovery and Reuse Schemes in Offshore Oil and Gas Fields#br#
    JIN Benling
    Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (2): 110-115.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.02.24
    Abstract129)      PDF(pc) (2640KB)(153)       Save
    In offshore oil and gas production facilities, oil production platforms account for a high proportion. In the treatment process of offshore oil and gas fields, natural gas mixed with well fluid is carried to the production and treatment process together. After treatment, part of the natural gas is used for fuel gas users or exported, and a considerable part is directly discharged by torch combustion, which causes a lot of air pollution and waste of natural gas energy. How to realize the recovery and reuse of natural gas is the focus of this paper. Therefore, the author analyzes the development of natural gas recovery technology programs in recent years, analyzes several methods of natural gas pressurization, and formulates several natural gas recovery and reuse programs based on the experience summarized in the project.
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    Marine Operation Safety Analysis and Intelligent System Construction
    YIN Xiaohui, ZHANG Zongchao, QI Gaosheng, DUAN Guoxi, BI Yanbin
    Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (2): 20-23.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.02.05
    Abstract127)      PDF(pc) (2004KB)(74)       Save
    The development and production of offshore oil have long been accompanied by high operational risks, and the quality of operational safety risk analysis has a direct impact on preventing production safety accidents. The purpose of this article is to introduce the construction practice of China National Offshore Oil Corporation's intelligent system for safety analysis of offshore oil fields, clarify the key points of digital and intelligent construction of oil field safety risk analysis from four aspects: business informatization, resource digitization, data standardization, and business intelligence, analyze the advantages of using intelligent management and analysis systems to improve the safety level of offshore operations, and provide reference for offshore oil field enterprises to explore the path of scientific and technological development.

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    Research on the Scheme of 3700 Square LPG Carrier
    YANG Xueli, XIA Huabo, WEI Xiaoqiang, ZHU Yongkai, QI Xiaoliang
    Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.02.02
    Accepted: 14 October 2024

    Research on Rack Phase Difference of Truss-type Jack-up Unit
    CHEN Wei, YAN Ming
    Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (2): 80-86.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.02.18
    Abstract124)      PDF(pc) (2419KB)(52)       Save
    Rack phase difference may be produced in the process of positioning of truss-type Jack-up unit, which will cause a significant additional bending moment at the contact position between the legs and the main hull of the unit, resulting in buckling failure of the leg support pipe at the low guiding position of the hull. In the paper, a jack-up unit is taken as the research object, ANSYS software and birth-death element technology is used to forecast RPD value of jack-up unit in the process of lifting hull by 3-D time-domain numerical simulation analysis, which is divided into four main stages according to changes of RPD value. On this basis, the RPD variation characteristics under three wind speed conditions are analyzed, which is helpful to determine the impact of wind speed on RPD in the process of lifting hull. Finally, a set of RPD control method is proposed based on the law of the change of RPD and the stress of the leg in order to monitor RPD of platform leg.
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    Application of Positive Motivation in Safety Management of Offshore Oilfield
    YIN Xiaohui, WANG Jing
    Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (2): 76-79.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.02.17
    Abstract120)      PDF(pc) (2141KB)(63)       Save
    Due to the high-risk nature of offshore oil fields, safety management has become crucial. A certain oil field in Bohai is a foreign cooperative oil field, which has been operated by foreign parties until 2013, and the construction of safety culture is weak. After the return of oilfield operation rights in 2013, oilfield safety management faced numerous challenges. Oilfield managers have achieved impressive safety performance by adopting a series of effective positive incentive measures to promote the construction of oilfield safety culture and institutional systems. This article analyzes the positive incentive measures taken in the safety management work of a certain oilfield in Bohai, in order to provide reference for the safety management work of other oilfields.
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    Discussion on the Solution of Insulation Failure of Underwater Motor on Offshore Platform
    DENG Guanhua, ZHANG Guodong, YANG Qifu, YANG Sen, CEN Jianfeng
    Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (2): 15-19.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.02.04
    Abstract116)      PDF(pc) (2200KB)(98)       Save
    Aiming at the problems of high insulation failure rate and unstable quality of domestic electric seawater lifting pump motor. By combining the actual cases and the simulation analysis of temperature field, it is concluded that the main reasons for the insulation failure of submerged water motor include the defect of winding wire selection, insufficient internal heat dissipation, poor sealing performance and lack of temperature monitoring. At the same time, according to the reason of appeal, the feasible improvement method is put forward in order to improve the product quality of electric submersible water pump.

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    The Key Technology Research and Application of Subsea Manifold and Foundation
    LIU Hao, ZHANG Ning, YUAN Qingdong, MAO Jiayou
    Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (1): 42-48.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.01.07
    Abstract113)      PDF(pc) (21580KB)(56)       Save
    Subsea manifold is the core facility for subsea oil and gas fields development, is capable of gothering, tegulating, and ensurity underwater oil and gas production. It can be designed with different struture and function according the specific requirement of the oil and gas field. Base on the subsea manifold engineering experience in the South China Sea deepwater oil field, performing foundation type, key technology, manifold function module type and new technology application are analysised and researched. This study offers reference and experience for domestic subsea manifold technology and key equipment development.

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    Application of Inrush Suppression in Offshore Oil Platform
    HU Zhongliang
    Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (2): 91-94.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.02.20
    Abstract112)      PDF(pc) (1113KB)(32)       Save
    Inrush current impact on the safe and stable operation of power systems for offshore oil platforms. Because of the protection of their initiation malfunction switch tripping, power shock, It has been very concerned about the problem electrician. This article analyzes the causes of inrush current generated, when the transformer pressure by controlling the magnetic circuit is not saturated to suppress the magnetizing inrush, the suppression strategy is to take points off control switch in the same time in the early phase of the applied voltage, to ensure the presence of residual magnetism magnetic bias offset opening formed after closing.

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